Nursing Elites

1. How does critical theory differ from other nursing theories such as the Health Belief Model or Orem’s self-care deficit theory?

• A. Critical theory can be utilized by professionals other than nurses.
• B. Critical theory focuses on oppression and enables group action.
• C. Critical theory is indirectly associated with health promotion.
• D. Critical theory addresses challenging an individual’s beliefs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Critical theory differs from other nursing theories like the Health Belief Model or Orem's self-care deficit theory by focusing on oppression and enabling group action. Unlike these nursing theories that may concentrate more on individual beliefs, critical theory aims to address broader societal issues and promote collective action for social change.

2. Which of the following nursing interventions are appropriate to address parasitism issues?

• A. Administering broad-spectrum antihelminthic treatment to patients
• B. Emphasizing the importance of thoroughly washing vegetables, especially if consumed raw
• C. Instructing on proper stool disposal and emphasizing not to use it as fertilizer
• D. Promoting hand washing before and after meals

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In addressing parasitism issues, it is crucial to educate individuals on the proper disposal of stools and emphasize that they should not be used as fertilizer to prevent the spread of parasites. Administering antihelminthic treatment, emphasizing vegetable washing, and promoting hand hygiene are all important interventions in managing parasitism, making them inappropriate choices for exceptions.

3. Malnutrition continues to be a public health concern in the country. The common nutritional deficiencies are the following, except:

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Iron
• C. Iodine
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The question addresses common nutritional deficiencies, except for one. Vitamin A, Iron, and Iodine are often cited as common deficiencies in populations facing malnutrition. However, Calcium deficiency is not typically considered one of the common nutritional deficiencies in such contexts. Calcium deficiency can occur but is not as prevalent as the other options listed in populations with malnutrition.

4. The public health nurse is reading information from a study that states that hypertension may be associated with an odds ratio of 2.49, meaning the patient is approximately 2.5 times more likely to have a severe form of COVID-19 than those without hypertension. The nurse describes the odds ratio as:

• A. a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome
• B. an absolute risk increase
• C. a measure of statistical significance
• D. a measure of precision

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The odds ratio is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. In this context, an odds ratio of 2.49 indicates that individuals with hypertension are approximately 2.5 times more likely to develop severe COVID-19 compared to those without hypertension. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately defines the role of odds ratio in assessing the relationship between an exposure (hypertension) and an outcome (severe COVID-19). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not describe the nature of odds ratio.

5. What can be an equally effective medicinal alternative to relieve muscle and joint pains that is non-costly, especially in far-flung communities and provinces, apart from the muscle pain-relieving drug advertised by Manny Pacquiao in the Philippines market?

• A. Sambong
• B. Lagundi
• C. Akapulko
• D. Yerba Buena

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Yerba Buena is a well-known herbal medicine in the Philippines that is traditionally used for its muscle pain-relieving properties. It is a cost-effective alternative that can be easily accessible, particularly in remote areas where access to modern medicines may be limited. Yerba Buena has been proven effective in providing relief for muscle and joint pains, making it a suitable option for those seeking a non-costly remedy in such communities.

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