Nursing Elites

1. Onset frequently occurs after the age of 40.

• A. Type 1 Diabetes
• B. Type 2 Diabetes
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes commonly presents with an onset after the age of 40, although it is now also seen in younger individuals due to lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of exercise. Type 1 Diabetes, on the other hand, typically develops in childhood or adolescence and is not associated with age over 40. Choices C and D are left blank as they are not relevant to the question.

2. A nurse is teaching a nutrition class for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements should the nurse include about management of acute illness?

• A. Consume carbs every 3-4 hrs
• B. Decrease fluid intake to 1000 mL per day
• C. Monitor blood glucose twice per day
• D. Check urine for ketones every 24 hrs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is to 'Consume carbs every 3-4 hours.' During acute illness, it is important to maintain a consistent carbohydrate intake to help manage blood glucose levels for clients with type 2 diabetes. This frequent consumption can prevent hypoglycemia and provide energy needed during illness. Decreasing fluid intake (choice B) is not recommended during acute illness, as hydration is crucial to prevent complications. Monitoring blood glucose (choice C) more frequently than twice a day is necessary during acute illness. Checking urine for ketones (choice D) should be done more frequently than once every 24 hours during illness to monitor for diabetic ketoacidosis.

3. Instruction on health promotion regarding urinary elimination is important. Which would you include?

• A. Hold urine as long as possible before emptying the bladder to strengthen the sphincter muscles
• B. If a burning sensation is experienced while voiding, drink water
• C. After urination, wipe from the anal area towards the pubis
• D. Tell the client to empty the bladder at each voiding

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to empty the bladder at each voiding. This is essential to prevent urinary retention and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections. Choice A is incorrect because holding urine for prolonged periods can lead to urinary retention and increase the risk of infections. Choice B is incorrect as pineapple juice can exacerbate a burning sensation due to its acidity; the correct approach is to drink water to dilute the urine. Choice C is incorrect as wiping from the anal area towards the pubis can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, potentially causing infections.

4. Sergio is brought to Emergency Room after the barbecue grill accident. Based on the assessment of the physician, Sergio sustained superficial partial thickness burns on his trunk, right upper extremities and right lower extremities. His wife asks what that means? Your most accurate response would be:

• A. Structures beneath the skin are damage
• B. Dermis is partially damaged
• C. Epidermis and dermis are both damaged
• D. Epidermis is damaged

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. Which food is a reliable source of B12 for a pregnant vegan client?

• A. Soybeans
• B. Algae
• C. Fortified soy milk
• D. Sea vegetables

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fortified soy milk is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for pregnant vegan clients as it is usually enriched with this vitamin. The other options, while nutritious, are not reliable sources of B12 for vegans. Soybeans may not provide enough B12, algae contains B12 analogs that the human body cannot utilize, and the B12 content in sea vegetables can fluctuate, potentially not providing the necessary daily intake.

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