which disease requires strict isolation due to its mode of transmission

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A

1. Which disease requires strict isolation due to its mode of transmission?

A. Mumps
B. Chickenpox
C. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
D. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Chickenpox (choice B). Chickenpox is highly communicable and requires strict isolation to prevent the spread of the virus through direct contact, droplet transmission, and contaminated objects. Mumps (choice A) is also contagious but does not typically require strict isolation. Exanthema subitum (roseola) (choice C) and Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) (choice D) are not as highly contagious as chickenpox and do not necessitate strict isolation.

2. The nurse is caring for an infant who was born 24 hr ago to a mother who received no prenatal care. The infant is a poor feeder but sucks avidly on his hands. Clinical manifestations also include hyperactive reflexes, tremors, sneezing, and a high-pitched shrill cry. What does the nurse consider as a possible diagnosis for this infant?

A. Seizure disorder
B. Narcotic withdrawal
C. Placental insufficiency
D. Meconium aspiration syndrome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In this case, the infant's symptoms are consistent with narcotic withdrawal. Infants exposed to drugs in utero may display withdrawal symptoms starting around 12 to 24 hours post-birth. The presentation often includes hyperactive reflexes, tremors, sneezing, high-pitched shrill cry, poor feeding, and sucking avidly on hands. Signs such as loose stools, tachycardia, fever, projectile vomiting, sneezing, and generalized sweating are common. These symptoms are not indicative of a seizure disorder. Placental insufficiency typically leads to a small-for-gestational-age child, which is not mentioned in the scenario. Meconium aspiration syndrome primarily presents with respiratory distress, not the symptoms described in this case.

3. The parent of a child hospitalized with acute glomerulonephritis asks the nurse why blood pressure readings are being taken so often. What knowledge should influence the nurse's reply?

A. The antibiotic therapy contributes to labile blood pressure values.
B. Hypotension leading to sudden shock can develop at any time.
C. Acute hypertension is a concern that requires monitoring.
D. Blood pressure fluctuations indicate that the condition has become chronic.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Acute hypertension is a common complication of acute glomerulonephritis, requiring frequent monitoring to prevent complications such as encephalopathy or heart failure. Blood pressure fluctuations can occur but are not necessarily indicative of chronic disease.

4. A 3-year-old child, previously potty-trained, becomes a bed-wetter again during a hospital stay. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the parents?

A. “Your child is no longer potty-trained and will need to be retrained when she goes home.”
B. “The child may have developed a bladder infection in the hospital. I will notify the doctor.”
C. “Preschool children may regress in their behaviors when they are ill in the hospital but should return to normal when they go back home.”
D. “Don’t worry about it, she is fine.”

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During a hospital stay, preschool children may exhibit regression in behaviors such as bed-wetting due to stress. It is important for parents to understand that this behavior is a common response to the hospital environment and should resolve once the child is back home. Therefore, the correct explanation for the nurse to provide to the parents is choice C. Choice A is incorrect because it inaccurately states that the child is no longer potty-trained. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes a medical issue without evidence. Choice D is incorrect as it dismisses the parents' concerns without addressing the underlying cause of the behavior.