each is true of rickets except one which is the exception

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam

1. Each statement is true of rickets, except one. Which is the exception?

A. Rickets is being diagnosed more frequently in the United States.
B. Rickets is caused by vitamin C deficiency.
C. Tachetic deformities such as bow legs or knock-knees develop.
D. A narrow and distorted chest occurs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency, not vitamin C deficiency. It usually occurs in children who are 1 to 3 years old. The name rickets came from the word 'wrikken,' meaning 'to bend or twist.' Common manifestations of rickets include tachetic deformities like bow legs or knock-knees, a narrow and distorted chest, and failure of the epiphyses of bones to develop normally, resulting in twisted and warped bones. While the diagnosis of rickets may be increasing in the United States, it is not caused by a lack of vitamin C.

2. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who has vitamin A deficiency. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend as the best source of vitamin A?

A. 1 small baked sweet potato
B. 1 cup avocado
C. 1 cup green beans
D. 1 large apple

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Sweet potatoes are rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A, essential for vision and immune function. Avocado (choice B) is a good source of healthy fats but not high in vitamin A. Green beans (choice C) are nutritious but not a significant source of vitamin A. Apples (choice D) are low in vitamin A compared to sweet potatoes.

3. A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse advises against drinking?

A. apple juice
B. tea
C. orange juice
D. coffee

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tea contains oxalates, which can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones; therefore, patients prone to kidney stones should avoid excessive tea consumption.

4. When assessing older adult clients for malnutrition at an adult day care center, which risk factors should the nurse consider?

A. Dental problems
B. Depression
C. Both A and B
D. Ability to prepare meals

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Both A and B. Dental problems and depression are both significant risk factors for malnutrition in older adults. Dental problems can lead to difficulty in chewing and swallowing, resulting in reduced food intake. On the other hand, depression can cause changes in appetite and decreased interest in eating, which can also contribute to malnutrition. Although the ability to prepare meals is important, it is not specifically identified as a risk factor for malnutrition within the context of this question. Therefore, choices A and B are the most appropriate answers.