each is true of calcium within saliva except one which is the exception

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam

1. Each statement is true of calcium within saliva, except one. Which is the exception?

A. Saliva is supersaturated with calcium.
B. Saliva is a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface.
C. Calcium and phosphate in saliva provide a buffering action.
D. Calcium within saliva increases dental caries.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Calcium within saliva does not increase dental caries; in fact, the buffering action provided by calcium and phosphate in saliva inhibits caries formation by preventing the dissolution of enamel by plaque biofilm. Choice A is correct as saliva is indeed supersaturated with calcium. Choice B is correct as saliva serves as a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface. Choice C is correct as calcium and phosphate in saliva do provide a buffering action to protect teeth from acids.

2. A healthcare professional is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has heart failure. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is experiencing fluid volume excess?

A. BUN 8 mg/dL
B. Hgb 15 g/dL
C. Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL
D. Sodium 140 mEq/L

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A BUN level of 8 mg/dL indicates fluid volume excess in a client with heart failure. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) levels can be low in fluid overload due to hemodilution, a common occurrence in heart failure. High levels of BUN usually indicate dehydration or impaired renal function, which are not the case in fluid volume excess. Choices B, C, and D are within normal ranges and do not specifically indicate fluid volume excess.

3. Why is there an ethical dilemma?

A. Because the law does not clearly state what is right from what is wrong
B. Because morality is subjective and it differs from each individual
C. Because the patient's right coincide with the nurse's responsibility
D. Because the nurse lacks ethical knowledge to determine what action is correct and what action is unethical

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because an ethical dilemma arises when the patient's rights conflict with the nurse's responsibilities, requiring a careful balance to ensure ethical care delivery. Choices A and B are incorrect because ethical dilemmas are not solely about legal or subjective moral issues. Choice D is incorrect as nurses are generally equipped with ethical knowledge through education and training, and ethical dilemmas are more about conflicting values and responsibilities rather than a lack of knowledge.

4. A nurse is instructing teenage girls on the importance of adequate calcium intake throughout their life span to prevent complications. Which complication should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Goiter
B. Osteoporosis
C. Heart disease
D. Dental caries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake throughout life helps prevent osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, which is common in older adults. Goiter is caused by an iodine deficiency, not calcium. Heart disease is more related to factors like cholesterol and blood pressure. Dental caries are primarily influenced by oral hygiene and sugar intake, not just calcium.

5. Which of the following vaccines is not done by intramuscular (IM) injection?

A. Measles vaccine C. Hepa-B vaccine
B. DPT D. Tetanus toxoids
C.
D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.