each describes the physiologic roles of water except one which is the exception

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam

1. Each of the following describes the physiologic roles of water, except one. Which is the exception?

A. Acts as a solvent for chemical reactions.
B. Maintains stability of body fluids.
C. Enables transport of nutrients and excretion of waste.
D. Regulates temperature by pooling as perspiration on skin.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Water regulates body temperature by evaporating as perspiration from the skin, not by pooling. When sweat evaporates from the skin, it takes away heat, which helps cool the body. Choices A, B, and C are correct because water acts as a solvent for chemical reactions, maintains the stability of body fluids, and enables the transport of nutrients and excretion of waste, respectively.

2. Which nutrient is critical for wound healing and immune function?

A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen formation and immune function.

3. Which assessment finding indicates effective treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum?

A. The client's glucose is within the normal range.
B. The client ate 80% of their breakfast tray.
C. There is no protein in the client's urine.
D. The client's blood pressure is 145/75 mmHg.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Improved appetite and food intake is an indication of effective treatment.

4. When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight, which nutrients are most likely to become insufficient?

A. Iron, fiber, and protein
B. Iron, fiber, and vitamin K
C. Vitamin A and vitamin C
D. Iron, fiber, and B vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Iron, fiber, and B vitamins are most likely to become insufficient when carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight. Carbohydrates are a primary source of B vitamins and fiber in the diet. Iron can also be obtained from plant-based sources like legumes and whole grains, which are often eliminated when carbohydrates are restricted. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because protein, vitamin K, vitamin A, and vitamin C are not primarily sourced from carbohydrates and are less likely to become insufficient solely due to carbohydrate elimination.

5. The purpose of ECT in clients with depression is to:

A. Stimulation in the brain to increase brain conduction and counteract depression
B. Mainly Biologic, increasing the norepinephrine and serotonin level
C. Creates a temporary brain damage that will increase blood flow to the brain
D. Involves the conduction of electrical current to the brain to charge the neurons and combat depression

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.