atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Practice A

1. Why is atherosclerosis dangerous to arterial function?

A. It diminishes central circulation
B. It causes decreased blood pressure on artery walls
C. It narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it
D. It increases arterial elasticity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because it narrows the arterial lumen, increasing the risk of a clot completely blocking the blood flow. This can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. Choice A is incorrect since atherosclerosis does not primarily diminish central circulation, but rather, it impedes local blood flow where the plaque is present. Choice B is also incorrect as atherosclerosis increases the pressure on artery walls due to the narrowed space for blood flow, not decrease it. Lastly, choice D is incorrect as atherosclerosis causes the arteries to lose their elasticity, not increase it.

2. Begins carb digestion in the mouth:

A. pepsin
B. salivary amylase
C. CCK
D. secretin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Salivary amylase is the enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth by breaking down starches into simpler sugars.

3. A nurse is educating a group of older adults in a community center on weight management using the BMI scale. Using the client's height and weight to calculate BMI, which of the following clients has a healthy BMI?

A. A client with a weight of 128 lb and height of 70 inches
B. A client with a weight of 150 lb and height of 68 inches
C. A client with a weight of 200 lb and height of 72 inches
D. A client with a weight of 133 lb and height of 60 inches

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To determine a healthy BMI, we need to calculate it using the formula: BMI = weight (lbs) / height^2 (inches) x 703. For choice A, BMI = 128 / (70 x 70) x 703 = 18.38, which falls within the healthy BMI range of 18.5-24.9. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B, C, and D have BMIs of 22.8, 27.1, and 26.1, respectively, which are outside the healthy range. Thus, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

4. What should be recommended to help prevent early childhood caries (ECC) in infants?

A. Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles
B. Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk
C. Feed the infant iron-rich foods
D. Give the infant fruit juice to drink

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles' because prolonged exposure to sugars in milk during the night can lead to caries. Options 'B: Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk' and 'D: Give the infant fruit juice to drink' are not recommended as they contain sugars that can cause cavities, especially in infants. Option 'C: Feed the infant iron-rich foods' is incorrect because while a balanced diet is important, iron-rich foods do not directly prevent caries development.

5. Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How is fiber thought to play its role in lowering blood cholesterol?

A. Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces
B. Viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces
C. Soluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the blood and is excreted by the liver
D. Insoluble fiber converts to bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Viscous (soluble) fiber binds with bile acids in the intestine, which are then excreted. The liver must use cholesterol to make more bile acids, thereby lowering blood cholesterol levels. Choice A is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not bind with cholesterol in the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as soluble fiber does not directly bind with cholesterol in the blood. Choice D is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not convert to bile in the large intestine to bind with cholesterol.