atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Practice A

1. Why is atherosclerosis dangerous to arterial function?

A. It diminishes central circulation
B. It causes decreased blood pressure on artery walls
C. It narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it
D. It increases arterial elasticity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because it narrows the arterial lumen, increasing the risk of a clot completely blocking the blood flow. This can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. Choice A is incorrect since atherosclerosis does not primarily diminish central circulation, but rather, it impedes local blood flow where the plaque is present. Choice B is also incorrect as atherosclerosis increases the pressure on artery walls due to the narrowed space for blood flow, not decrease it. Lastly, choice D is incorrect as atherosclerosis causes the arteries to lose their elasticity, not increase it.

2. The following are all classes of nutrients except:

A. protein
B. fat
C. carbs
D. phytochemicals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Phytochemicals are not considered a class of nutrients. While proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are essential macronutrients providing energy and structural support, phytochemicals are non-nutrient compounds found in plants that offer various health benefits but are not essential for sustaining life like the other three choices. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

3. Nutrients that may help decrease high blood pressure levels include:

A. magnesium and sodium
B. protein and monounsaturated fat
C. calcium and potassium
D. dietary fiber and plant sterols

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calcium and potassium play vital roles in regulating blood pressure, with potassium helping to balance the negative effects of sodium.

4. A client with chronic kidney disease is being taught about dietary needs by a nurse. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as being the lowest in phosphorus?

A. Medium apple
B. Bran cereal
C. Scrambled eggs
D. Ground turkey

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, a medium apple. Apples are a suitable option for clients with chronic kidney disease as they are low in phosphorus. Bran cereal (choice B), scrambled eggs (choice C), and ground turkey (choice D) are all higher in phosphorus content compared to apples, making them less ideal choices for individuals with chronic kidney disease.