Nursing Elites

1. During nutritional counseling, what is the most important step to take?

• A. Consult the patient's family
• B. Formulate a sample diet plan before presenting it to the patient
• C. Include members of the dental team in the dietary formulation
• D. Include the patient in the formulation of the dietary plan

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During nutritional counseling, the most important step is to include the patient in the formulation of the dietary plan. This ensures their active involvement, understanding, and commitment to the plan, leading to better compliance and success in achieving nutritional goals. Consulting the patient's family (Choice A) may be helpful but should not replace involving the patient directly. Formulating a sample diet plan before presenting it to the patient (Choice B) may not align with the patient's preferences or needs. Including members of the dental team in the dietary formulation (Choice C) may not be necessary unless specific dental concerns need to be addressed.

2. Which biomolecule is responsible for the storage and transfer of genetic information?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Proteins
• C. Lipids
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are the biomolecules responsible for storing and transferring genetic information within cells. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids do not have this specific function. Carbohydrates are mainly used for energy storage, structural support, and cellular communication. Proteins are involved in various cellular functions such as enzymatic reactions, structural support, and signaling. Lipids play roles in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling.

3. What is the most common type of kidney stone?

• A. Cystine
• B. Calcium
• C. Struvite
• D. Uric acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium-based, specifically calcium oxalate. This is usually due to high calcium levels in the urine, which can be caused by dietary factors or certain metabolic disorders. Cystine stones, on the other hand, are less common and occur in individuals with a hereditary disorder leading to excessive excretion of certain amino acids. Struvite stones are often formed in response to an infection. Uric acid stones may occur in individuals who do not consume sufficient fluids or who lose too much fluid, among other factors. Therefore, while all these substances can form stones in the kidneys, calcium stones are the most common.

4. In the management process, the periodic checking of the results of action to make sure that it coincides with the goal of the institution is termed as:

• A. Planning
• B. Evaluating
• C. Directing
• D. Organizing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Evaluating. Evaluating involves the periodic checking of results to ensure they align with the institution's goals. Planning (choice A) is about setting goals and determining the actions required to achieve them. Directing (choice C) involves overseeing and guiding the activities of individuals or teams to accomplish goals. Organizing (choice D) is about arranging resources and tasks to achieve objectives. In the context of the management process described, evaluating best fits the action of checking results against goals.

5. Through the client’s health history, you gather that Mr. Dizon smokes and drinks coffee. When taking the blood pressure of a client who recently smoked or drank coffee, how long should the nurse wait before taking the client’s blood pressure for accurate reading?

• A. 15 minutes
• B. 30 minutes
• C. 1 hour
• D. 5 minutes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

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