during conception the 23 unpaired chromosomes in the ovum and sperm combine to form 23 pairs in an entirely new cell called the

ATI RN

Exam 4 Psychology

1. During conception, the 23 unpaired chromosomes in the ovum and sperm combine to form 23 pairs in an entirely new cell called the?

A. Embryo
B. DNA
C. Fetus
D. Zygote

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Zygote. A zygote is formed when the 23 chromosomes from the ovum and sperm combine during conception. It is the initial cell formed and marks the beginning of a new organism. Choice A, Embryo, is incorrect as an embryo is formed later in the development process. Choice B, DNA, is incorrect as DNA is the genetic material within the chromosomes but is not the name of the new cell formed after fertilization. Choice C, Fetus, is incorrect as a fetus is the stage of prenatal development that occurs well after the zygote stage.

2. Who proposed that the study of consciousness should be replaced by the study of behavior?

A. John Watson
B. Abraham Maslow
C. G. Stanley Hall
D. Sigmund Freud

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is John Watson. Watson, a key figure in behaviorism, believed that psychology should focus on observable behavior rather than consciousness. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory and humanistic psychology, not for advocating the study of behavior over consciousness. G. Stanley Hall was a pioneer in psychology but did not propose replacing the study of consciousness with behavior. Sigmund Freud, a prominent figure in psychoanalysis, focused on the unconscious mind rather than behavior.

3. What neurotransmitter was first believed to be the cause of schizophrenia?

A. GABA
B. Serotonin
C. Epinephrine
D. Dopamine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Dopamine. Dopamine was initially thought to be the primary cause of schizophrenia. This neurotransmitter hypothesis was based on the observation that drugs that increase dopamine activity can worsen symptoms of schizophrenia, while drugs that decrease dopamine activity can improve symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because GABA, serotonin, and epinephrine were not the neurotransmitters initially believed to be the cause of schizophrenia.

4. The interpersonal perspective ________.

A. arose as a reaction against the unscientific methods of psychoanalysis.
B. was introduced by Erik Erikson.
C. emphasizes social rather than inner determinants of behavior.
D. is the most influential humanistic perspective today.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The interpersonal perspective emphasizes social rather than inner determinants of behavior. Choice A is incorrect as the interpersonal perspective focuses on social interactions rather than being a reaction against psychoanalysis. Choice B is incorrect as the interpersonal perspective is not specifically attributed to Erik Erikson. Choice D is incorrect as the most influential humanistic perspective today would be humanistic psychology, not the interpersonal perspective.

5. What is object-relations theory?

A. It is the theory that focuses on observable behaviors only.
B. It is a newer psychodynamic theory focusing on how individuals interact with others and their internalized relationships.
C. It is the theory that emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in shaping behavior.
D. It is a cognitive-behavioral theory focused on changing maladaptive thought patterns.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Object-relations theory is a psychodynamic theory that focuses on how individuals interact with others and their internalized relationships. Choice A is incorrect because object-relations theory goes beyond observable behaviors to explore internalized relationships. Choice C is incorrect because object-relations theory does not primarily emphasize cognitive processes. Choice D is incorrect because object-relations theory is not a cognitive-behavioral theory focused on changing thought patterns.