Nursing Elites

1. Dr. Bigelow is interested in studying musical prodigies. Which method is best suited for this type of research?

• A. naturalistic observation
• B. clinical interview
• C. case study
• D. structured interview

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A case study would be the best method for Dr. Bigelow to study musical prodigies. In a case study, the researcher can closely examine and analyze the unique characteristics, abilities, and behaviors of individual subjects. This method allows for in-depth exploration of a specific phenomenon, making it ideal for investigating exceptional cases such as musical prodigies. Naturalistic observation involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, which may not provide the detailed insights needed for studying musical prodigies. Clinical interviews focus on gathering information through structured questioning, not ideal for studying unique talents. Structured interviews involve asking a set of predetermined questions, which may not allow for the depth of exploration required for studying musical prodigies.

2. Who believed that complex mental activities have their origins in social interaction?

• A. Jean Piaget
• B. Renée Baillargeon
• C. Noam Chomsky
• D. Lev Vygotsky

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interaction and cultural tools in the development of higher cognitive functions. Jean Piaget focused more on individual cognitive development stages, Renée Baillargeon is known for her work in infant cognition and object permanence, and Noam Chomsky is renowned for his theories in linguistics and the study of language.

3. Dr. Faulkner believes that directly observable events, such as stimuli and responses, are the appropriate focus of the study of development. Dr. Faulkner probably follows the __________ perspective of development.

• A. psychosexual
• B. psychosocial
• C. behaviorist
• D. cognitive-developmental

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dr. Faulkner's focus on directly observable events, such as stimuli and responses, aligns with the behaviorist perspective of development. Behaviorism emphasizes the influence of the environment on individual behavior and learning, with a strong emphasis on observable actions rather than internal mental processes or stages of development. Choice A, psychosexual, is associated with Freud's theory focusing on stages of psychosexual development. Choice B, psychosocial, is linked to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Choice D, cognitive-developmental, is related to Piaget's theory emphasizing cognitive development stages.

4. You can tell her that healthy women in their thirties have __________ as those in their twenties.

• A. lower rates of miscarriage Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 18 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
• B. higher rates of pregnancy complications
• C. lower rates of pregnancy complications
• D. about the same rates of pregnancy complications Answer: D Page Ref: 89 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Healthy women in their thirties typically have about the same rates of pregnancy complications as those in their twenties. While it is true that the risk of fertility issues and certain pregnancy complications may increase with age, generally speaking, women in their thirties who are healthy and do not have preexisting conditions do not necessarily experience higher rates of pregnancy complications compared to women in their twenties.

5. When __________, newborn Takeo's toes should fan out and curl as his foot twists in.

• A. a bright light shines in his eyes
• B. his bare foot touches a flat surface
• C. his cheek is stroked near the corner of his mouth
• D. the sole of his foot is stroked from toe to heel

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the description of the twisting and fanning out of newborn Takeo's toes suggests the Babinski reflex, which is typically elicited by stroking the sole of the foot from toe to heel. The Babinski reflex is a normal response in newborns and indicates proper neurological development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not elicit the specific response described in the question.

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