danas mother suffers from serious depressive episodes dana is likely to

ATI RN

Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test

1. Dana's mother suffers from serious depressive episodes. Dana is likely to ________.

A. be at risk for depression herself.
B. become a happy-go-lucky child due to having to cope with so much.
C. act in an aggressive, criminal manner.
D. have intense attachments to her mother.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a family member, especially a parent, suffers from serious depressive episodes, it can increase the risk of depression in other family members, including children. Therefore, in this situation, Dana is likely to be at risk for depression herself. Choice B is incorrect because experiencing a parent's depression does not necessarily lead to becoming a happy-go-lucky child; it can have serious emotional implications. Choice C is incorrect as there is no direct link between a parent's depression and a child acting in an aggressive, criminal manner. Choice D may seem plausible, but it is not the most likely outcome in this scenario.

2. Which term describes the conditions that guarantee the occurrence of a disorder?

A. Necessary causes
B. Contributory causes
C. Sufficient causes
D. Protective factors

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sufficient causes.' Sufficient causes are conditions that alone are enough to guarantee the occurrence of a disorder. Necessary causes refer to factors that must be present for the disorder to occur but are not enough on their own. Contributory causes increase the likelihood of a disorder but are not enough to cause it by themselves. Protective factors are conditions that reduce the likelihood of a disorder occurring.

3. What is object-relations theory?

A. It is the theory that focuses on observable behaviors only.
B. It is a newer psychodynamic theory focusing on how individuals interact with others and their internalized relationships.
C. It is the theory that emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in shaping behavior.
D. It is a cognitive-behavioral theory focused on changing maladaptive thought patterns.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Object-relations theory is a psychodynamic theory that focuses on how individuals interact with others and their internalized relationships. Choice A is incorrect because object-relations theory goes beyond observable behaviors to explore internalized relationships. Choice C is incorrect because object-relations theory does not primarily emphasize cognitive processes. Choice D is incorrect because object-relations theory is not a cognitive-behavioral theory focused on changing thought patterns.

4. In a breech presentation, how is the infant positioned for delivery?

A. Is too large to be delivered vaginally.
B. Is delivered feet or bottom first.
C. Is delivered head first.
D. Appears face down.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a breech presentation, the infant is positioned to be delivered feet or bottom first. This is because the baby's pelvis or feet enter the birth canal before the head. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a breech presentation specifically refers to the baby being positioned feet or bottom first, not head first, face down, or being too large for vaginal delivery.

5. During which span of months or years is a child particularly responsive to specific forms of experience or influenced by their absence?

A. Nonnormative influences
B. Normative age-graded influence
C. Normative history-graded influence
D. Sensitive period

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sensitive period.' A sensitive period refers to a specific span of time during development when a child is especially responsive to certain experiences. This period allows for optimal development in specific areas. Nonnormative influences (Choice A) are events that are irregular and unpredictable, while normative age-graded influences (Choice B) are typical events that occur in a similar manner for most people in a specific age group. Normative history-graded influences (Choice C) are events that most people in a specific culture or cohort experience at the same time.