Nursing Elites

1. Before Dianne performs the formal research study, what do you call the pre-testing, small-scale trial run to determine the effectiveness of data collection and methodological problems that might be encountered?

• A. Sampling
• B. Pre-testing
• C. Pre-Study
• D. Pilot Study

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Pilot Study.' A pilot study is a small-scale trial run conducted before the formal research study to identify and address any issues related to data collection and methodology. This helps in determining the effectiveness of the research process and identifying potential problems that may arise. Choice A, 'Sampling,' refers to the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population for research. Choice B, 'Pre-testing,' simply involves testing something before the main testing phase. Choice C, 'Pre-Study,' is not a commonly used term in research methodology and does not specifically refer to the small-scale trial run described in the question.

2. What are the contraindications for using MI Paste?

• A. Children under six
• B. Individuals with a milk casein allergy
• C. Pregnant women
• D. Both A and B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: MI Paste is contraindicated in children under six and in individuals with a milk casein allergy. The reason is that MI Paste contains casein phosphopeptide, which is derived from milk. Therefore, it may cause allergic reactions in those who are sensitive to milk proteins. Pregnant women (Choice C) are not contraindicated for using MI Paste unless they have a known allergy to milk casein. Hence, the correct answer is 'D: Both A and B'.

3. Dina, 17 years old, asks you how a tubal ligation prevents pregnancy. Which would be the best answer?

• A. Prostaglandins released from the cut fallopian tubes can kill sperm
• B. Sperm cannot enter the uterus because the cervical entrance is blocked
• C. Sperm can no longer reach the ova, because the fallopian tubes are blocked
• D. The ovary no longer releases ova as there is nowhere for them to go

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Sperm can no longer reach the ova because the fallopian tubes are blocked.' Tubal ligation works by blocking the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching the egg for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because prostaglandins are not released from the cut fallopian tubes to kill sperm. Choice B is incorrect as the cervical entrance being blocked does not relate to tubal ligation. Choice D is incorrect because tubal ligation does not affect the release of ova from the ovary.

4. During early tooth development, vitamin A deficiency leads to enamel hypoplasia and defective dentin formation. Because of its effect on soft tissues and bone, vitamin A contributes to normal spacing of teeth.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. The effect of vitamin A on the growth of soft tissues and bones naturally extends to the teeth and surrounding structures. Enamel hypoplasia, involving defective enamel matrix and incomplete calcification of enamel and dentin, can be due to vitamin A deficiency. The effect of this vitamin upon surrounding bone directly affects spacing patterns of the teeth within the bone and dentition. Choice A is correct because both statements accurately describe the influence of vitamin A on tooth development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the accuracy of the statements provided.

5. Membership dropout generally occurs in group therapy after a member:

• A. Accomplishes his goal in joining the group
• B. Discovers that his feelings are shared by the group members
• C. Experiences feelings of frustration in the group
• D. Discusses personal concerns with group members

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

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