Nursing Elites

1. Before Dianne performs the formal research study, what do you call the pre-testing, small-scale trial run to determine the effectiveness of data collection and methodological problems that might be encountered?

• A. Sampling
• B. Pre-testing
• C. Pre-Study
• D. Pilot Study

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Pilot Study.' A pilot study is a small-scale trial run conducted before the formal research study to identify and address any issues related to data collection and methodology. This helps in determining the effectiveness of the research process and identifying potential problems that may arise. Choice A, 'Sampling,' refers to the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population for research. Choice B, 'Pre-testing,' simply involves testing something before the main testing phase. Choice C, 'Pre-Study,' is not a commonly used term in research methodology and does not specifically refer to the small-scale trial run described in the question.

2. Which of the following nutrients does not provide energy?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that provide energy in the form of calories when consumed and metabolized by the body. Each gram of protein or carbohydrate provides about 4 calories, and each gram of fat provides about 9 calories. On the other hand, vitamins do not provide energy or calories. They are micronutrients that are essential for various biochemical and physiological processes in the body, including the metabolism of macronutrients. However, they do not contribute directly to the energy supply. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Vitamins'. Choices A, B, and C (Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats) are incorrect because they are macronutrients that do provide energy/calories when metabolized.

3. Which nutrient is most important for the prevention of osteoporosis?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Iron
• C. Calcium
• D. Protein

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calcium is the most important nutrient for bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis. Calcium plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density and strength. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function but is not directly related to bone health. Iron is essential for oxygen transport in the blood, while protein is important for muscle growth and repair. However, in the context of preventing osteoporosis, calcium is the key nutrient.

4. How many grams of protein per day are recommended for a person weighing 150 lbs?

• A. 120
• B. 85
• C. 187.5
• D. 54

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. To convert pounds to kilograms, divide the weight in pounds by 2.2. Therefore, a 150 lb person weighs approximately 68 kg (150 / 2.2 = 68). Multiplying 68 kg by 0.8 grams gives us 54 grams of protein per day. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the RDA calculation based on body weight.

5. In the US, low iron intake is often associated with?

• A. low intake of fruits and vegetables
• B. pregnancy
• C. high sugar and fat intakes
• D. high protein intake

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Diets high in sugar and fat often lack essential nutrients like iron, leading to a risk of iron deficiency anemia, especially when iron-rich foods are not consumed adequately.

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