ATI RN
Oncology Questions
1. As part of chemotherapy education, the nurse teaches a female client about the risk for bleeding and self-care during the period of greatest bone marrow suppression (the nadir). The nurse understands that further teaching is needed if the client makes which statement?
- A. I should avoid blowing my nose.
- B. I may need a platelet transfusion if my platelet count is too low.
- C. I should take aspirin for my headache as soon as I get home.
- D. I will count the number of pads and tampons I use when menstruating.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Taking aspirin is not recommended during periods of bone marrow suppression as it can increase the risk of bleeding. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can impair platelet function, further exacerbating the risk of bleeding. Choices A, B, and D are all appropriate statements for a client at risk for bleeding and undergoing chemotherapy. Blowing the nose gently, being prepared for a platelet transfusion if needed, and monitoring menstrual bleeding are all important aspects of self-care during this period.
2. The child might see an orange and say 'apple' because both objects are round. This is known as ____?
- A. Accommodation
- B. Assimilation
- C. A detailed description of a single culture or context
- D. A study that tests a causal hypothesis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assimilation. Assimilation occurs when a child applies an existing schema (like 'apple' for round objects) to new objects. In this scenario, the child sees the round orange and calls it an 'apple' because they are both round. Choice A, Accommodation, involves modifying an existing schema to fit a new object or situation, which is not the case in the given scenario. Choices C and D are unrelated to the concept being tested in this question.
3. Nurse Maria is preparing a care plan for a client receiving external radiation therapy. Which of the following interventions should be included?
- A. Use heating pads on the treated area
- B. Wear loose, soft clothing over the treated area
- C. Expose the treated area to sunlight
- D. Apply ice packs to the treated area
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Radiation therapy can cause skin irritation, dryness, and sensitivity in the treated area. Wearing loose, soft clothing helps minimize friction and pressure on the skin, reducing irritation and promoting comfort. The skin in the treated area is often more sensitive and vulnerable to damage, so this intervention helps protect the skin while maintaining the client’s comfort during the course of treatment.
4. The small intestine is comprised of the cecum, colon, and rectum. The large intestine includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
- A. Both statements are true
- B. Both statements are false
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Both statements are false. The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, while the large intestine includes the cecum, colon, and rectum.
5. Which of the following outcome criteria is appropriate for a client with dementia?
- A. The client will return to an established schedule for activities of daily living.
- B. The client will learn new coping mechanisms to handle anxiety.
- C. The client will seek out resources in the community for support.
- D. The client will follow an established schedule for activities of daily living.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. For clients with dementia, following an established schedule for activities of daily living is appropriate as it helps maintain routine and structure, which can be beneficial for their condition. Choice A has been rephrased to align better with the context of dementia care. Choice A is incorrect as expecting a return to a previous level of self-functioning may not be realistic for clients with dementia. Choice B is not the most appropriate outcome criteria as handling anxiety, while important, may not be the primary focus when working with clients with dementia. Choice C, seeking out resources in the community for support, is also important but may not be as directly related to the day-to-day care and management of activities for a client with dementia.
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