ATI RN
ATI Oncology Questions
1. A patient admitted with cancer asks the nurse about the difference between chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Which of the following responses by the nurse indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. Chemotherapy kills cancer cells
- B. Radiation therapy can be internal or external
- C. Radiation therapy is often external
- D. Chemotherapy is more likely to kill normal cells
Correct answer: D
Rationale: While chemotherapy does affect normal, healthy cells—particularly those that divide rapidly—it is not "more likely" to kill normal cells compared to cancer cells. Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells, which includes both cancer cells and some normal cells (like those in hair follicles, the gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow). However, its primary goal is to kill cancer cells, and its effects on normal cells are a side effect, not the main function. Therefore, the statement that chemotherapy is "more likely" to kill normal cells is inaccurate and indicates a need for further teaching.
2. A nurse is assessing a client who is in the first stage of labor and has an external fetal monitor in place. The nurse observes early decelerations in the fetal heart rate. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Continue to monitor the fetal heart rate
- B. Reposition the client
- C. Administer oxygen via face mask
- D. Increase the rate of the IV fluids
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Early decelerations are a benign finding that typically indicate fetal head compression, a normal response to uterine contractions. They do not require intervention as they are not associated with fetal compromise. The appropriate action for the nurse in this scenario is to continue to monitor the fetal heart rate. Repositioning the client, administering oxygen, or increasing IV fluids are not indicated responses to early decelerations and could be unnecessary or potentially harmful.
3. After surgery yesterday for gastroesophageal reflux, the nurse finds that the infant has somehow removed the nasogastric (NG) tube. What nursing action is most appropriate to perform at this time?
- A. Notify the healthcare provider.
- B. Insert a new NG tube for feedings.
- C. Replace the NG tube to maintain gastric decompression.
- D. Leave the NG tube out as it may have been in long enough.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most appropriate action for the nurse to take in this situation is to notify the healthcare provider immediately. This is important as the removal of the NG tube can disrupt postoperative care, especially in terms of maintaining gastric decompression. Inserting a new NG tube without practitioner direction can be unsafe and is not within the nurse's scope of practice. Similarly, replacing the NG tube or leaving it out should be decided by the healthcare provider to ensure the infant's safety and appropriate postoperative care.
4. A nurse is teaching about implementing a heart-healthy diet to a client who has coronary artery disease. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to the client?
- A. Baked ham
- B. Processed cheese
- C. Broiled salmon
- D. Canned potato soup
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Broiled salmon is a heart-healthy food due to its high omega-3 fatty acid content, which helps reduce inflammation and improve cardiovascular health.
5. A nurse is assessing a newborn who was delivered 6 hours ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Respiratory rate of 70/min
- B. Vernix caseosa covering the skin
- C. Milia on the bridge of the nose
- D. Acrocyanosis of the extremities
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A respiratory rate of 70/min in a newborn is above the expected range and may indicate respiratory distress, which should be reported to the provider. Choice B, vernix caseosa covering the skin, is a normal finding in newborns and does not require reporting. Choice C, milia on the bridge of the nose, is also a common finding in newborns and does not require immediate reporting. Choice D, acrocyanosis of the extremities, is a common finding within the first few hours of life in newborns and typically resolves on its own, so it does not need to be reported.
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