Nursing Elites

1. Which statement is incorrect regarding an informed consent signed by a patient?

• A. The nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery
• B. Patients under 18 years of age may need a parent or legal guardian to sign a consent form
• C. The nurse can witness the client signing the consent form
• D. It is the nurse's responsibility to ensure the patient has been educated by the physician about the procedure before informed consent is obtained

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement 'The nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery' is incorrect. The responsibility of obtaining informed consent for surgery lies with the physician or surgeon performing the procedure. Nurses can assist in the process by witnessing the client signing the consent form, ensuring the patient is educated about the procedure by the physician, and verifying that the consent process is voluntary and informed. For patients under 18 years of age, a parent or legal guardian typically needs to sign the consent form on behalf of the minor, as they are not legally able to provide consent themselves.

2. Who among the following individuals was involved in the discovery of anesthesia?

• A. Robert Koch
• B. William Morton
• C. Joseph Lister
• D. Sushruta

Correct answer: B

Rationale: William Morton was a dentist who was involved in the discovery of anesthesia. In 1846, Morton demonstrated the use of ether as a surgical anesthetic, leading to a significant advancement in medical practices. Robert Koch was a bacteriologist known for his work on anthrax and tuberculosis. Joseph Lister was a surgeon who introduced antiseptic surgical methods. Sushruta was an ancient Indian physician known for his contributions to the field of surgery.

3. Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of which of the following neurotransmitter?

• A. Serotonin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Dopamine
• D. GABA

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for coordinating smooth muscle movements. The decrease in dopamine levels leads to the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Serotonin, adrenaline, and GABA are not primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.

4. Why is it difficult to get others interested in environmental health?

• A. Environmental problems are not perceived as interesting or dramatic.
• B. It is difficult to get the media interested.
• C. People respond more to an acute crisis than chronic environmental problems.
• D. People respond more to an individual asking for help than a community asking for help.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The difficulty in getting others interested in environmental health is due to the fact that people tend to respond more to acute crises that receive dramatic media coverage, as opposed to chronic environmental problems that require sustained attention and action. Immediate and dramatic events capture attention more effectively than ongoing, less visible issues.

5. What term refers to statistics of illnesses?

• A. Vital statistics
• B. Statistics
• C. Morbidity
• D. Mortality

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term 'morbidity' specifically refers to the statistics related to illnesses. Morbidity data focuses on the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health conditions in a population, providing valuable information for public health interventions and healthcare planning.

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