Nursing Elites

1. An important intervention for infants with developmental disabilities is to:

• A. Help parents realize their child will not develop further
• B. Stress the importance of early infant stimulation and intervention programs
• C. Have them institutionalized as soon as possible
• D. Have children reevaluated at 2 years of age to confirm the diagnosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stress the importance of early infant stimulation and intervention programs. Early intervention programs are essential for infants with developmental disabilities as they can significantly impact the child's development and future outcomes. These programs provide necessary support and therapies to enhance the child's skills and abilities. Choice A is incorrect because it is crucial to provide hope and support to parents, emphasizing the potential for development and progress. Choice C is inappropriate and unethical as the first line of intervention. Institutionalization should only be considered in extreme cases where other options have been exhausted. Choice D is not the most crucial intervention at this stage. While reevaluation may be necessary, early intervention and support should be prioritized to maximize the child's developmental potential.

2. A six-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Which of these factors contribute to urinary tract infections in young children?

• A. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages.
• B. Insufficient water intake to flush the kidneys.
• C. Voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day.
• D. Infrequent voiding which results in urinary stasis.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Infrequent voiding can lead to urinary stasis, which increases the risk of urinary tract infections by allowing bacteria to multiply in the bladder. Encouraging regular voiding and proper hydration can help prevent UTIs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages may irritate the bladder but is not a direct cause of UTIs. Insufficient water intake can concentrate urine but does not necessarily lead to infections. A voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day is within the normal range and is not associated with increased UTI risk.

3. What procedure is most appropriate for the assessment of an abdominal circumference related to a bowel obstruction?

• A. Measuring the abdomen after feedings
• B. Marking the point of measurement with a pen
• C. Measuring the circumference at the symphysis pubis
• D. Using a new tape measure with each assessment to ensure accuracy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Marking the point of measurement ensures consistent and accurate assessments of abdominal circumference, especially important in conditions like bowel obstruction where changes need to be monitored closely.

4. Which actions by the nurse demonstrate overinvolvement with patients and their families? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Buying clothes for the patients
• B. Showing favoritism toward a patient
• C. All
• D. Spending off-duty time with patients and families

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Overinvolvement includes personal actions like buying clothes, showing favoritism, and spending off-duty time with patients, which can blur professional boundaries.

5. A 10-month-old infant is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. An esophageal (pH) probe monitor is ordered. What explanation for the purpose of the esophageal probe should the nurse provide to the parents?

• A. Assist in the passage of formula through the esophagus
• B. Identify the number of reflux episodes that are occurring
• C. Determine the time it takes for the stomach to empty its contents
• D. Monitor the pH within the stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The esophageal pH probe is used to identify the frequency and severity of reflux episodes by measuring the pH in the esophagus. Choice A is incorrect because the probe does not assist in the passage of formula through the esophagus. Choice C is incorrect as determining the time it takes for the stomach to empty its contents would require a different procedure. Choice D is incorrect as the esophageal pH probe monitors the pH in the esophagus, not the stomach.

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