Nursing Elites

1. An important intervention for infants with developmental disabilities is to:

• A. Help parents realize their child will not develop further
• B. Stress the importance of early infant stimulation and intervention programs
• C. Have them institutionalized as soon as possible
• D. Have children reevaluated at 2 years of age to confirm the diagnosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stress the importance of early infant stimulation and intervention programs. Early intervention programs are essential for infants with developmental disabilities as they can significantly impact the child's development and future outcomes. These programs provide necessary support and therapies to enhance the child's skills and abilities. Choice A is incorrect because it is crucial to provide hope and support to parents, emphasizing the potential for development and progress. Choice C is inappropriate and unethical as the first line of intervention. Institutionalization should only be considered in extreme cases where other options have been exhausted. Choice D is not the most crucial intervention at this stage. While reevaluation may be necessary, early intervention and support should be prioritized to maximize the child's developmental potential.

2. According to Piaget, a 6-month-old infant should be in which developmental stage?

• A. Use of reflexes
• B. Primary circular reactions
• C. Secondary circular reactions
• D. Coordination of secondary schemata

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By 6 months, infants are usually in the stage of secondary circular reactions, where they start to intentionally repeat actions that bring pleasure or interesting results.

3. Why are neonates predisposed to problems with thermoregulation?

• A. Renal function is not fully developed.
• B. Flexed posture favors heat loss.
• C. A large body surface area favors heat loss to the environment.
• D. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat provides excellent insulation.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Neonates have a large surface area relative to their weight, which makes them prone to heat loss to the environment, leading to thermoregulation issues. The underdeveloped kidney affecting urine concentration (Choice A) is unrelated to the thermal regulation process. While a flexed posture can help retain heat (Choice B), it does not outweigh the impact of the large body surface area in neonates. Although subcutaneous fat (Choice D) provides insulation, in neonates, the large body surface area is more significant in contributing to heat loss than the fat's insulating properties.

4. The nurse is administering activated charcoal to a preschool child with acetaminophen (Tylenol) poisoning. What potential complications from the use of activated charcoal should the nurse plan to assess for?

• A. Diarrhea
• B. Vomiting
• C. All are correct
• D. Intestinal obstruction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Common complications of activated charcoal administration include diarrhea and vomiting. Intestinal obstruction can occur if the charcoal forms a mass in the intestines. Fluid retention is less likely and not typically a complication associated with activated charcoal.

5. A school-age client is in the playroom when the respiratory therapist arrives to give a scheduled breathing treatment. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

• A. Escort the child to their room and ask the child-life specialist to bring toys to the bedside
• B. Reschedule the treatment for a later time
• C. Assist the child back to their room for the treatment but reassure them that they may return when the procedure is completed
• D. Show the respiratory therapist to the playroom

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate action is to assist the child back to their room for the treatment but reassure them that they may return when the procedure is completed. This approach ensures that the child receives the necessary treatment while also acknowledging their desire to continue playing in the playroom. Choice A is incorrect because it suggests moving the child to the room and asking the child-life specialist to bring toys, which may not be necessary. Choice B is incorrect as rescheduling the treatment may not be in the best interest of the child's health. Choice D is incorrect as the nurse should guide the child back to their room for the treatment.

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