Nursing Elites

1. The nurse suspects fluid overload in an infant receiving intravenous fluids. What clinical manifestation is suggestive of water intoxication?

• A. Oliguria
• B. Weight loss
• C. Irritability and seizures
• D. Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Water intoxication can lead to cerebral edema, causing neurological symptoms such as irritability and seizures. Oliguria, weight loss, and muscle weakness are not typical signs of water intoxication.

2. During a well-child checkup, the parent of a 5-year-old child reports the child seems much smaller than the 2 older siblings did at this same age. A review of the medical record reveals that the child is 44 inches tall and weighs 42 pounds. What information should be included in the response by the nurse?

• A. The weight of your child at this time is within normal limits for this age but the child is moderately taller than other children this age.
• B. Your child is within the acceptable range for height but the child is significantly smaller in weight for this age.
• C. Your child is within normal limits for weight but the child is slightly shorter in stature than other children this age.
• D. Your child is slightly taller than other children this age but the child’s weight is normal.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The child is slightly taller than average, but the weight is within normal limits. This information should be reassuring to the parent and provides insights into normal growth patterns. Choice A is incorrect as it inaccurately states that the child is taller than other children this age. Choice B is incorrect because the child's weight is actually within normal limits. Choice C is incorrect as it inaccurately states that the child is shorter in stature than other children this age.

3. Which is considered a block to effective communication?

• A. Using silence
• B. Using clichés
• C. Directing the focus
• D. Defining the problem

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Using clichés is a communication block because it can come across as dismissive or insincere, hindering meaningful dialogue.

4. What organism is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?

• A. Shigella organisms
• B. Salmonella organisms
• C. Giardia lamblia
• D. Escherichia coli

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite known to cause acute diarrhea, often through contaminated water or food. Shigella, Salmonella, and E. coli are bacterial pathogens that also cause diarrhea but are not parasites.

5. In what condition should the nurse be alert for altered fluid requirements in children? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Oliguric renal failure
• B. Increased intracranial pressure
• C. Mechanical ventilation
• D. All above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Conditions like oliguric renal failure, increased intracranial pressure, and mechanical ventilation significantly alter fluid requirements in children. These conditions either restrict fluid output or require careful fluid management to avoid worsening the condition.

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