an appropriate method for administering oral medications that are bitter to an infant or small child should be to mix them with which

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A

1. An appropriate method for administering oral medications that are bitter to an infant or small child should be to mix them with which?

A. Bottle of formula or milk
B. Any food the child is going to eat
C. One teaspoon of something sweet-tasting such as jam
D. Carbonated beverage, which is then poured over crushed ice

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Mixing bitter medication with a small amount of something sweet, like jam, can mask the taste effectively without diluting the medication too much. Mixing with milk or formula is not recommended as the child may refuse future feedings, and carbonated beverages are not suitable for infants.

2. What statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?

A. It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years.
B. Children can receive kidneys only from other children.
C. It is the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
D. The decision for transplantation is difficult because a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Renal transplantation is the preferred method of treatment for children with end-stage renal disease, as it offers the best chance for a normal lifestyle compared to long-term dialysis. Transplantation can be performed at any age, and kidneys can come from adult donors as well.

3. What is a priority intervention for an infant with a temporary colostomy for Hirschsprung disease?

A. Teaching how to irrigate the colostomy
B. Protecting the skin around the colostomy
C. Discussing the implications of a colostomy during puberty
D. Using simple, straightforward language to prepare the child

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Protecting the skin around the colostomy is crucial to prevent irritation and infection, which are common complications in infants with colostomies. Teaching and discussing long-term implications are important but secondary to immediate skin care needs.

4. What is the first step in managing a child with anaphylaxis?

A. Administer antihistamines
B. Establish IV access
C. Administer epinephrine
D. Monitor vital signs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer epinephrine. Administering epinephrine is the crucial first step in managing anaphylaxis as it helps reverse the severe allergic reaction by constricting blood vessels and relaxing airway muscles, preventing a life-threatening situation. Antihistamines (Choice A) are not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and should not delay the administration of epinephrine. Establishing IV access (Choice B) may be necessary but is not the initial step in managing anaphylaxis. Monitoring vital signs (Choice D) is important but should not take precedence over administering epinephrine in the acute management of anaphylaxis.