ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. The nurse is teaching parents about potential causes of colic in infancy. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session?
- A. Overeating
- B. All are applicable
- C. Frequent burping
- D. Parental smoking
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Overeating, swallowing excessive air (leading to frequent burping), and parental smoking are known to contribute to colic in infants. Understimulation is not typically associated with colic.
2. When should the nurse instruct parents to administer a daily proton pump inhibitor to their child with gastroesophageal reflux?
- A. At bedtime
- B. With a meal
- C. Midmorning
- D. 30 minutes before breakfast
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole or lansoprazole are most effective when given 30 minutes before breakfast. This timing allows the medication to inhibit the proton pumps in the stomach that produce acid, providing better symptom control throughout the day. Administering the PPI at bedtime (choice A) may not be as effective as giving it before breakfast due to the timing of peak acid production during the day. Giving it with a meal (choice B) might affect the absorption and effectiveness of the medication. Midmorning administration (choice C) is not the recommended time for optimal PPI efficacy.
3. What is the best initial intervention for a child experiencing moderate dehydration?
- A. Administer IV fluids
- B. Encourage oral rehydration
- C. Monitor vital signs
- D. Provide clear fluids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encourage oral rehydration. Oral rehydration is the first-line treatment for moderate dehydration in children. It helps restore fluid balance and electrolyte levels. Administering IV fluids (Choice A) is usually reserved for severe cases of dehydration where oral rehydration is not feasible or ineffective. Monitoring vital signs (Choice C) is important but should not replace the immediate need for rehydration. Providing clear fluids (Choice D) may not contain the necessary electrolytes required for effective rehydration.
4. The nurse is taking vital signs on a group of assigned preschool-aged children. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for further action?
- A. Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute
- B. Heart rate of 89 beats per minute
- C. Heart rate of 120 beats per minute
- D. Respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A heart rate of 120 beats per minute is high for a preschool-aged child and may indicate an underlying issue that requires further assessment. A respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute (choice A) is within the normal range for preschool children. Similarly, a heart rate of 89 beats per minute (choice B) falls within the expected range. A respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute (choice D) is slightly elevated but may not be as concerning as a heart rate of 120 beats per minute.
5. The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of a child aged 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. Which of the following best describes this concept?
- A. Selfishness
- B. Unable to see another’s point of view
- C. Able to put self in another’s place
- D. Prefers to play alone
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Egocentricity in children aged 2 to 7 years means they are unable to see things from another person's perspective. This characteristic is a normal part of their cognitive development during this stage. Choice A, 'Selfishness,' is not an accurate description as egocentricity is more about a limited ability to understand others' viewpoints rather than intentional selfishness. Choice C, 'Able to put self in another’s place,' is incorrect as egocentric children struggle to do this. Choice D, 'Prefers to play alone,' is not directly related to egocentricity but may be a behavior exhibited by some children for various reasons.
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