Nursing Elites

1. An advance directive known as a durable power of attorney involves appointing another person called a(n) _____ to act as the decision maker in the event of the patient's incapacitation.

• A. witness
• B. primary caregiver
• C. health care agent
• D. state proxy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'health care agent.' A health care agent is appointed through a durable power of attorney to make medical decisions on behalf of a patient who becomes incapacitated. The term 'witness' (choice A) is incorrect because a witness only observes the signing of the directive and does not make decisions. 'Primary caregiver' (choice B) is also incorrect as they may provide care but are not necessarily legally empowered to make decisions. 'State proxy' (choice D) is not commonly used in the context of advance directives or health care decision making, making it an incorrect choice.

2. For a patient with celiac disease, which dietary modification is necessary?

• A. Increase protein intake
• B. Avoid gluten
• C. Increase dairy intake
• D. Avoid lactose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid gluten. Patients with celiac disease have an immune reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with celiac disease to avoid gluten-containing products. Increasing protein intake (Choice A) is not specifically necessary for celiac disease management. Increasing dairy intake (Choice C) is unrelated to the dietary requirements of individuals with celiac disease. Avoiding lactose (Choice D) is relevant for individuals with lactose intolerance, not celiac disease. Therefore, the only necessary modification for a patient with celiac disease is to avoid gluten.

3. The client is discussing sources of carbohydrates with a nurse recently diagnosed with diabetes. Which food(s) identified by the client indicate understanding? (SATA)

• A. Starch
• B. Fiber
• C. Sugar
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because starch, fiber, and sugar are all sources of carbohydrates. Starchy foods like bread, rice, and potatoes contain starch; fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provide fiber; and sugars are found in sweet foods like fruits, honey, and desserts. Fatty acids and amino acids are not sources of carbohydrates, so choices A, B, and C are correct while choices A and B are incorrect.

4. A group of clients is being instructed by a nurse regarding nutrition. The teaching should state that which of the following groups of foods contains the highest level of carbohydrates?

• A. Milk, eggs, and cheese
• B. Butter, oils, and avocados
• C. Rice, potatoes, and oranges
• D. Chicken, green beans, and apples

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rice, potatoes, and oranges. These foods are rich in carbohydrates. Choice A (Milk, eggs, and cheese) contains minimal carbohydrates as they are primarily sources of protein and fat. Choice B (Butter, oils, and avocados) contains very little to no carbohydrates as they are high in fats. Choice D (Chicken, green beans, and apples) also contains minimal carbohydrates, with protein and fiber being more prominent in these foods.

5. AIDS enteropathy is most commonly manifested as _____.

• A. abdominal pain and rectal bleeding
• B. diarrhea and weight loss
• C. abdominal bloating and flatulence
• D. rectal fissures and constipation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: AIDS enteropathy typically presents as diarrhea and weight loss due to the impact of HIV on the gastrointestinal tract. While abdominal pain and rectal bleeding (Choice A), abdominal bloating and flatulence (Choice C), and rectal fissures and constipation (Choice D) can occur in some cases, the most common manifestations are diarrhea and weight loss.

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