Nursing Elites

1. Clients may benefit from slightly higher fat intakes than are normally recommended if they have:

• A. congestive heart failure
• B. cerebrovascular accident
• C. peripheral vascular disease
• D. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), higher fat intake can be beneficial because it provides more calories with less respiratory burden compared to carbohydrates. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, and peripheral vascular disease do not specifically benefit from higher fat intakes as in COPD.

2. What is the major diet-derived antioxidant found in cell membranes?

• A. B12
• B. beta-carotene
• C. vitamin E
• D. vitamin A

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is vitamin E. Vitamin E is the major antioxidant found in cell membranes, where it plays a crucial role in protecting them from oxidative damage. Although B12, beta-carotene, and vitamin A are important nutrients with specific functions in the body, they are not the primary antioxidants found in cell membranes. Vitamin E specifically localizes in cell membranes to neutralize free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation, making it an essential antioxidant for cellular health.

3. Overweight and obesity often accompany conditions such as _____ that limit mobility or result in short stature, which can lead to feeding difficulties.

• A. Parkinson's disease
• B. muscular dystrophy
• C. Down syndrome
• D. multiple sclerosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Down syndrome. Down syndrome is often associated with short stature and limited mobility, which can contribute to feeding difficulties and obesity. Parkinson's disease (choice A) primarily affects motor function, but it is not typically associated with short stature. Muscular dystrophy (choice B) primarily impacts muscle strength and does not necessarily lead to short stature. Multiple sclerosis (choice D) is a neurological condition affecting the central nervous system and does not directly cause short stature or feeding difficulties as seen in Down syndrome.

4. Which type of drug is most likely to cause unintentional weight gain?

• A. Antiemetics
• B. Sedatives
• C. Corticosteroids
• D. Antibiotics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Corticosteroids are most likely to cause unintentional weight gain. They influence the metabolism and fat distribution in the body, leading to weight gain. On the other hand, antiemetics are drugs that are used to prevent nausea and vomiting, and they do not typically cause weight gain. Sedatives, while they can cause drowsiness and may lead to less physical activity, are not directly associated with weight gain. Lastly, antibiotics are used to fight bacteria and while they can cause temporary digestive issues, they do not typically result in long-term weight gain.

5. Which nutrient is most closely associated with the prevention of neural tube defects in a developing fetus for a woman planning to become pregnant?

• A. Calcium
• B. Folate
• C. Vitamin A
• D. Choline

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is folate. Folate, also known as Vitamin B9, is vital for the prevention of neural tube defects in the developing fetus. It is primarily responsible for the creation and repair of DNA, which is essential during rapid growth stages such as pregnancy. While nutrients like calcium, vitamin A, and choline are important for pregnancy, they are not as directly linked to preventing neural tube defects as folate. Calcium is crucial for the baby's bone and teeth development. Vitamin A is essential for vision, immune function, and cellular growth. Choline supports brain development and neural functioning. However, none of these nutrients have the same direct impact on preventing neural tube defects as folate.

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