Nursing Elites

1. Despite growing up in a rundown neighborhood, having divorced parents, and rarely seeing her father, Betty is a successful, happy, and healthy adult. Betty's ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.

• A. assimilation
• B. resilience
• C. age-graded development
• D. multidimensional development

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Betty's ability to adapt effectively despite facing challenges during her childhood such as growing up in a rundown neighborhood, having divorced parents, and rarely seeing her father demonstrates resilience. Resilience refers to the capacity to achieve positive outcomes despite adverse circumstances. Betty's successful, happy, and healthy adulthood showcases her resilience in navigating and overcoming the threats to her development. Choice A, assimilation, does not fit the context of adapting effectively to adverse circumstances. Assimilation is a cognitive process related to incorporating new information into existing schemas. Choice C, age-graded development, refers to typical developmental changes that occur in a culture at a particular age. Choice D, multidimensional development, encompasses the idea that development is influenced by multiple factors across various dimensions, which is not directly related to Betty's ability to adapt effectively despite facing challenges.

2. Dr. Anderson wants to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children. Dr. Anderson should use a(n) __________ design.

• A. structured
• B. observational
• C. correlational
• D. experimental

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dr. Anderson should use an experimental design to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children. In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates the independent variable (in this case, exposure to domestic violence) to observe its effect on the dependent variable (anger in children). This design allows for the establishment of a cause-and-effect relationship by controlling for other variables that may influence the outcomes. Observational design (Choice B) involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, correlational design (Choice C) examines the relationship between variables without manipulating them, and structured design (Choice A) typically refers to a study with predetermined procedures and data collection methods, which may not be suitable for establishing cause-and-effect relationships.

3. When Reggie takes his baby son, Tyson, to his workplace for the first time, Reggie's assistant abruptly picks Tyson up and walks around the office. Tyson cries and reaches out for Reggie. Tyson is expressing __________.

• A. sadness
• B. stranger anxiety
• C. separation anxiety
• D. disgust

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tyson is experiencing stranger anxiety in this situation. Stranger anxiety is a common response in infants when they are exposed to unfamiliar people, causing distress and prompting the infant to seek comfort and familiarity, usually from their primary caregiver. This aligns with Tyson crying and reaching out for Reggie, as he is showing signs of discomfort and wariness towards the assistant, who is a stranger to him. Choice A, sadness, does not fit the scenario as Tyson's reaction is more related to fear and discomfort rather than sorrow. Choice C, separation anxiety, is not the correct answer in this context as separation anxiety pertains to distress when separated from a primary caregiver, not when encountering unfamiliar individuals. Choice D, disgust, is also not applicable as Tyson's behavior is not based on revulsion but rather on being in an unfamiliar and distressing situation.

4. An inadequate diet during pregnancy can __________.

• A. lead to higher birth weight and greater brain weight
• B. reduce the risk of pregnancy-induced maternal diabetes
• C. distort the structure of the liver, kidney, and pancreas
• D. lead to fewer physical discomforts in the final weeks Answer: C Page Ref: 88 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: An inadequate diet during pregnancy can lead to the distortion of the structure of the liver, kidney, and pancreas in the developing fetus. Proper nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for the healthy development of these organs and essential for the overall well-being of the baby. A balanced diet supports optimal growth and development, while inadequate nutrition can have detrimental effects on the baby's organs and long-term health.

5. According to research on family chaos, mothers who __________ experience greater psychological stress.

• A. make family meals
• B. frequently multitask
• C. work outside the home
• D. cosleep with their infants

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to research on family chaos, mothers who frequently multitask experience greater psychological stress. Multitasking can lead to increased stress levels as individuals juggle multiple responsibilities and tasks simultaneously, leading to a sense of being overwhelmed and unable to focus effectively. This can contribute to higher levels of psychological stress for mothers in particular, impacting their overall well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the research specifically links frequent multitasking, not making family meals, working outside the home, or cosleeping with infants, to greater psychological stress among mothers.

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