ATI RN
ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam
1. A toddler is admitted to the surgical unit for a planned closure of a temporary colostomy. Which medical prescription should the nurse question?
- A. Clear liquids today, NPO tomorrow
- B. Type and cross-match for 1 unit of packed red blood cells
- C. Rectal temperatures every 4 hours
- D. Start an intravenous line with D5NS at 20 mL per hour
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Rectal temperatures should be avoided in a toddler with a colostomy due to the risk of injury. Choices A, B, and D are appropriate medical prescriptions for a toddler undergoing colostomy closure. Choice A ensures the toddler's intake of clear liquids before being made NPO, choice B prepares for possible blood transfusion needs, and choice D initiates intravenous hydration with D5NS at an appropriate rate.
2. What does it mean when a medication has a half-life?
- A. It only lasts for 30 minutes after the medication is given
- B. How long it takes for half of the dose to be eliminated from the bloodstream
- C. It is the peak of how effective the medicine is
- D. Drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a medication has a half-life, it refers to the time it takes for half of the dose to be eliminated from the bloodstream. This parameter is crucial in understanding the duration of action and dosing intervals for medications in clinical practice. Choice A is incorrect as the half-life is not about how long the medication lasts but about elimination from the body. Choice C is incorrect because the half-life is not about the peak effectiveness of the medicine. Choice D is incorrect as it does not accurately define the concept of half-life.
3. Which individual is most likely to experience the greatest percentage of REM sleep?
- A. Sammy, a preschool child
- B. Jake, a full-term newborn
- C. Sarah, a teenager
- D. Cheryl, a preterm newborn Answer: D Page Ref: 104 Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 32 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e Skill Level: Apply Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Preterm newborns, like Cheryl, experience a higher percentage of REM sleep compared to full-term newborns. This is because REM sleep plays a critical role in brain development, and preterm infants have an increased need for brain development due to their early arrival. Therefore, Cheryl, as a preterm newborn, is most likely to experience the greatest percentage of REM sleep among the individuals listed.
4. A healthcare professional is caring for four clients on intravenous heparin therapy. Which lab value possibly indicates a serious side effect has occurred?
- A. Hemoglobin: 14.2 g/dL
- B. Platelet count: 82,000/µL
- C. RBC count: 4.8 x 10^6/µL
- D. WBC count: 8.7 x 10^3/µL
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A low platelet count, as seen in choice B, is concerning as it could indicate heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, a serious side effect of heparin therapy. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can lead to an increased risk of blood clotting, potentially causing severe complications. Monitoring platelet counts is crucial during heparin therapy to promptly identify and manage this adverse effect.
5. Although technology has seen many advances, which two ethical principles may be in conflict because of technology?
- A. Beneficence and justice
- B. Beneficence and nonmaleficence
- C. Beneficence and veracity
- D. Beneficence and confidentiality
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Beneficence and nonmaleficence. Beneficence is the ethical principle of doing good to benefit others, while nonmaleficence is the principle of doing no harm to others. With technological advances, there can be a conflict between these two principles, as the benefits of technology may inadvertently cause harm, leading to an ethical dilemma. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while beneficence is involved in all options, the conflicting principle of nonmaleficence specifically addresses the avoidance of harm, making it the most relevant in the context of technology's impact on ethical principles.
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