ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. A teen with asthma asks the nurse why it is hard to breathe during an asthma attack. The nurse explains that exposure to a “trigger” results in which of these manifestations?
- A. Bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production
- B. Air trapping and hypo-inflation of the alveoli
- C. Air trapping and decreased blood flow to the upper airway
- D. Bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and excess mucus production
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Asthma triggers cause bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production, leading to difficulty breathing. This combination of manifestations results in narrowing of the airways, making it hard for the individual to breathe effectively. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because during an asthma attack, bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production do not occur. Instead, the airways constrict, become inflamed, and produce excess mucus, contributing to the breathing difficulties experienced by individuals with asthma.
2. What is the priority action when a patient is experiencing an allergic reaction to a medication?
- A. Monitor the patient's blood pressure every 15 minutes.
- B. Discontinue the medication and notify the healthcare provider.
- C. Administer an antihistamine to reduce symptoms.
- D. Monitor the patient's urine output closely.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to discontinue the medication and notify the healthcare provider when a patient is experiencing an allergic reaction to a medication. This action is crucial to prevent further harm to the patient. Monitoring blood pressure (choice A) or urine output (choice D) may be important but is not the priority when managing an allergic reaction. Administering an antihistamine (choice C) should only be done after discontinuing the medication and consulting with the healthcare provider.
3. According to the lifespan perspective, _______ is supreme in its impact on the life course.
- A. the prenatal period
- B. early childhood
- C. adolescence
- D. no age period
Correct answer: D
Rationale: According to the lifespan perspective, no single period is considered supreme in its impact on the life course. Each stage of life, from prenatal period through adulthood, plays a significant role in shaping an individual's development. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: no age period.' Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the lifespan perspective emphasizes that all stages are important and contribute uniquely to an individual's life course.
4. A client at risk for iron-deficiency anemia is being taught by a nurse about optimizing dietary intake of iron. The nurse should explain that which of the following sources of iron is easiest for the body to absorb?
- A. Spinach
- B. Cantaloupe
- C. Chicken
- D. Lentils
Correct answer: C: Chicken
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Chicken.' Chicken contains heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based sources like spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils. Heme iron, as present in chicken, is more bioavailable and is better absorbed by the body, making it an excellent source of iron for individuals at risk of iron-deficiency anemia. Spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils contain non-heme iron, which is not as efficiently absorbed as heme iron.
5. A nurse is providing teaching about newborn care to a group of parents. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You should not bathe your newborn every day.
- B. You should avoid covering your newborn with a heavy blanket during naps.
- C. You should expect your newborn's stools to be soft and yellow.
- D. You should keep your newborn's head elevated while they sleep.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'You should keep your newborn's head elevated while they sleep.' Keeping the newborn's head elevated while sleeping helps prevent conditions like sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Choice A is incorrect because newborns do not need to be bathed every day; it is recommended to bathe them 2-3 times a week. Choice B is incorrect as heavy blankets can increase the risk of suffocation for newborns. Choice C is incorrect as newborn stools are typically soft and yellow in color, not firm and light brown.