ATI RN
ATI Perfusion Quizlet
1. A postoperative patient receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells develops chills, fever, headache, and anxiety 35 minutes after the transfusion is started. After stopping the transfusion, what action should the nurse take?
- A. Give the PRN diphenhydramine
- B. Send a urine specimen to the laboratory
- C. Administer PRN acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- D. Draw blood for a new type and crossmatch
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The patient’s clinical manifestations are consistent with a febrile, nonhemolytic transfusion reaction. The transfusion should be stopped and antipyretics administered for the fever as ordered.
2. A nurse is caring for a client after knee replacement surgery. The nurse discovers that the consent was not signed before the surgery. Which of the following charges could be filed?
- A. False imprisonment
- B. Libel
- C. Battery
- D. Malpractice
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Battery. Battery occurs when an individual is touched without consent. Performing surgery without a signed consent constitutes battery as it involves touching the patient's body without proper authorization. False imprisonment (choice A) involves restraining someone against their will, which is not applicable in this scenario. Libel (choice B) refers to written defamation, which is not relevant to the situation described. Malpractice (choice D) involves negligence or incompetence in providing professional services, which is different from the lack of consent issue presented in this case.
3. Which of the following diuretics inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while sparing K+ and hydrogen ions?
- A. Spironolactone
- B. Furosemide
- C. Hydrochlorothiazide
- D. Bumetanide
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is the correct answer as it is classified as a potassium-sparing diuretic. It works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while promoting the retention of potassium and hydrogen ions. This mechanism of action helps in reducing fluid retention without causing excessive loss of potassium, which is a common side effect of other diuretics. Furosemide (choice B), Hydrochlorothiazide (choice C), and Bumetanide (choice D) are not correct as they are not potassium-sparing diuretics. Furosemide and Bumetanide are loop diuretics that inhibit sodium, potassium, and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to potassium loss.
4. A nurse is teaching a client who has breast cancer about the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. You should use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding.'
- B. You should take aspirin for minor aches and pains.'
- C. You should avoid contact with individuals who recently received live virus vaccines.'
- D. You should consume a diet low in protein to reduce the risk of renal damage.'
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding, which can occur due to chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
5. The client had surgery one day ago. What assessment is most likely related to pain?
- A. Blood pressure of 175/90 mm Hg
- B. Respirations of 10 breaths per minute
- C. Heart rate 60 beats/minute
- D. Oxygen saturation of 97%
Correct answer: Blood pressure of 175/90 mm Hg
Rationale:
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