Nursing Elites

1. A patient is taking medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) for the treatment of endometriosis. What should the nurse teach the patient about this medication?

• A. Medroxyprogesterone should be taken with food to prevent nausea.
• B. Medroxyprogesterone should be taken at the same time each day to maintain consistent hormone levels.
• C. Medroxyprogesterone can be taken intermittently when symptoms worsen.
• D. Medroxyprogesterone should be stopped if side effects occur.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Medroxyprogesterone should be taken at the same time each day to maintain consistent hormone levels and effectiveness. Choice A is incorrect because medroxyprogesterone does not necessarily need to be taken with food. Choice C is incorrect as it is typically prescribed continuously rather than intermittently. Choice D is incorrect because patients should not stop the medication if side effects occur without consulting their healthcare provider.

2. The nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a newborn. Before administering the vaccine, the nurse should

• A. warm the vaccine to room temperature.
• B. gently cleanse the chosen injection site.
• C. check the infant's temperature.
• D. administer the full dose at a single injection site.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Before administering a vaccine to a newborn, it is essential for the nurse to check the infant's temperature. This is important to ensure that the newborn does not have a fever, which could indicate an underlying infection or illness. Warming the vaccine to room temperature is not necessary and could be harmful. Vigorously massaging the injection site is not recommended as it can cause discomfort and tissue damage. Dividing the dose for administration to three injection sites is not standard practice for vaccine administration to a newborn.

3. A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:

• A. Toxoids
• B. IgA
• C. IgE
• D. IgM

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: IgE. A severe allergic reaction, such as the one experienced by the 10-year-old male after being stung by a bee, is mediated by IgE. IgE is involved in common allergic responses, triggering the release of histamine and other chemicals that lead to allergy symptoms. Choice A, Toxoids, are inactivated toxins used in vaccines. Choice B, IgA, is mainly found in mucosal areas and secretions, playing a role in mucosal immunity. Choice D, IgM, is the first antibody produced in response to an infection.

4. What type of immunity will the hepatitis B series provide a nursing student scheduled to receive it?

• A. Active immunity
• B. Passive immunity
• C. Innate immunity
• D. Natural immunity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is active immunity. The hepatitis B series immunization will provide active immunity, where the individual's immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against the hepatitis B virus. This type of immunity is long-lasting and provides protection against future exposures. Passive immunity (choice B) involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies and is temporary. Innate immunity (choice C) is the body's natural defense mechanisms, present at birth. Natural immunity (choice D) refers to immunity acquired through normal life processes, such as recovering from an infection.

5. What property is found in clients with metastatic cancer?

• A. Tumors that are well encapsulated
• B. Tumors with slow, stable growth
• C. Cells that are genetically stable
• D. Cells invading local tissue and overrunning neighboring cells

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Metastatic cancer is characterized by cells that invade local tissue and overrun neighboring cells. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because metastatic cancer is associated with aggressive behavior where cells invade and spread to other parts of the body, rather than being well encapsulated, growing slowly, or being genetically stable.

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