a patient is prescribed raloxifene evista for osteoporosis what is the primary therapeutic action of this medication

ATI RN

WGU Pathophysiology Final Exam

1. A patient is prescribed raloxifene (Evista) for osteoporosis. What is the primary therapeutic action of this medication?

A. It stimulates the formation of new bone.
B. It decreases bone resorption and increases bone density.
C. It increases calcium absorption in the intestines.
D. It increases the excretion of calcium through the kidneys.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Raloxifene works by decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone density, which helps in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Choice A is incorrect as raloxifene does not directly stimulate the formation of new bone. Choice C is incorrect because raloxifene does not primarily affect calcium absorption in the intestines. Choice D is incorrect as raloxifene does not increase the excretion of calcium through the kidneys.

2. A patient has acute respiratory failure (ARF). Which of the following would the nurse expect to find?

A. Alkalosis and hyperventilation
B. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia
C. Alkalosis and high potassium
D. Elevated sodium and acidosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In acute respiratory failure, hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) and hypercapnia (high blood carbon dioxide) are commonly observed. Choice A is incorrect because alkalosis (high pH) and hyperventilation are not typically seen in acute respiratory failure. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions alkalosis and high potassium, which are not characteristic of acute respiratory failure. Choice D is also incorrect because elevated sodium and acidosis are not typically associated with acute respiratory failure.

3. What is the best method to identify which type of stroke the client has?

A. Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram STAT
B. Obtain a blood specimen for electrolytes and blood cultures
C. Ask the client about current allergies
D. Obtain a cranial computerized tomogram (CT) STAT

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to obtain a cranial computerized tomogram (CT) STAT. A cranial CT scan is the best method to quickly identify the type of stroke a client is experiencing. Options A, B, and C are not appropriate for identifying the type of stroke as they are not specific to assessing stroke types.

4. In which patients would the manifestation of a headache be a sign of a serious underlying disorder?

A. A 55-year-old man with new onset of headaches that are worse at night and reported mood swings according to his family
B. A 30-year-old woman with a unilateral throbbing headache with photophobia and nausea
C. A 60-year-old man with his head feeling full and throbbing and muscle aching around his neck and shoulders
D. A 40-year-old woman who experiences food cravings, gets irritable, and then develops a pulsatile-like headache on the right side of her head

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is the 55-year-old man with new onset headaches that worsen at night and reported mood swings according to his family. These symptoms, especially when combined with nighttime worsening and mood changes, could indicate a serious underlying disorder such as a brain tumor or increased intracranial pressure. Choice B is incorrect as the unilateral throbbing headache with photophobia and nausea is suggestive of migraine headaches, which are usually not associated with serious underlying disorders. Choice C describes symptoms that are more indicative of tension-type headaches rather than a serious underlying disorder. Choice D presents symptoms that are more likely related to hormonal changes and migraines rather than a serious underlying disorder.

5. What causes atherosclerotic plaques to form in the body?

A. Poor dietary habits
B. Administration of statin medication
C. Interruption of blood flow to the brain
D. Injury to the endothelium of the coronary arteries

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Atherosclerotic plaques form in the body due to injury to the endothelium of the coronary arteries. When the endothelium is damaged, it triggers an inflammatory response that leads to the accumulation of fats, cholesterol, and other substances, forming plaques. These plaques can narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow and potentially leading to serious complications like heart attacks or strokes. Poor dietary habits (choice A) can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis by promoting the buildup of plaque-forming substances in the blood, but the direct cause is the injury to the endothelium. Administration of statin medication (choice B) is actually a treatment for high cholesterol and aims to reduce the risk of plaque formation. Interruption of blood flow to the brain (choice C) is more related to conditions like ischemic stroke rather than the primary cause of atherosclerotic plaque formation.