ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology 2023
1. A patient has been taking hydrocodone, an opioid analgesic for their moderate pain, and they have taken more than the prescribed dose. What should you administer as the antidote if they experience toxicity?
- A. Naloxone
- B. N-acetylcysteine
- C. Atropine
- D. Digoxin immune Fab
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone is the specific antidote for opioid toxicity. It works by blocking the effects of opioids on the central nervous system, thereby reversing symptoms like respiratory depression and sedation. N-acetylcysteine is used for acetaminophen overdose, while atropine is indicated for certain types of poisonings. Digoxin immune Fab is used for digoxin toxicity. Therefore, in the case of opioid toxicity due to hydrocodone overdose, naloxone is the appropriate antidote.
2. Dry skin (Xerosis) can lead to itching (Pruritis). What statement by the client indicates need for further teaching about preventing dry skin?
- A. ‘I will drink at least 3000 mL of water daily.”
- B. . ‘I will shower every day in hot water.”
- C. ‘I will avoid tights belts.”
- D. ‘I will use a humidifier during the winter months.”
Correct answer: . ‘I will shower every day in hot water.”
Rationale:
3. Which statement about the concept of psychoses is most accurate?
- A. Individuals experiencing psychoses are aware that their behaviors are maladaptive.
- B. Individuals experiencing psychoses experience little distress.
- C. Individuals experiencing psychoses are aware of experiencing psychological problems.
- D. Individuals experiencing psychoses are based in reality.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most accurate statement about psychoses is that individuals experiencing it often exhibit limited distress because they are not fully aware of their altered perception of reality. They may not recognize that their behaviors are maladaptive or acknowledge the presence of psychological issues. Choice A is incorrect because individuals with psychoses may not be aware that their behaviors are maladaptive. Choice C is incorrect because individuals with psychoses may not have insight into their psychological problems. Choice D is incorrect because individuals with psychoses often struggle to differentiate between reality and their altered perceptions.
4. At a well-visit, a mother voices concern that her 30-month-old has a smaller vocabulary than other children in his daycare. The nurse should:
- A. Admit the child to the hospital
- B. Assess the child for other age-appropriate development
- C. Suggest that the child is hearing impaired
- D. Explain that the child has a significant developmental delay
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a parent expresses concern about a child's development, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive assessment of all areas of development before jumping to conclusions. Choosing option B allows the nurse to evaluate the child for other age-appropriate developmental milestones to determine if there are any delays or concerns. Admitting the child to the hospital (option A) is not necessary at this point and may cause unnecessary stress. Suggesting hearing impairment (option C) without proper evaluation can lead to misdiagnosis. Explaining a significant developmental delay (option D) should only be done after a thorough assessment and diagnosis.
5. A healthcare professional is preparing a client for a colonoscopy. Which of the following medications should the professional anticipate the provider to prescribe as an anesthetic for the procedure?
- A. Propofol
- B. Pancuronium
- C. Promethazine
- D. Pentoxifylline
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Propofol. Propofol is a short-acting anesthetic medication commonly used for procedures like colonoscopies to induce moderate sedation. Pancuronium (Choice B) is a neuromuscular blocking agent used as a paralyzing agent during surgery, not for sedation. Promethazine (Choice C) is an antihistamine often used for nausea and vomiting, not as an anesthetic. Pentoxifylline (Choice D) is a medication used to improve blood flow and is not indicated for anesthesia.
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