Nursing Elites

1. A parent of an infant with gastroesophageal reflux asks how to decrease the number and total volume of emesis. What recommendation should the nurse include in teaching this parent?

• A. Surgical therapy is indicated.
• B. Place the infant in a prone position for sleep after feeding.
• C. Thicken feedings and enlarge the nipple hole.
• D. Reduce the frequency of feeding by encouraging larger volumes of formula.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct recommendation for decreasing the number and total volume of emesis in an infant with gastroesophageal reflux is to thicken feedings and enlarge the nipple hole. Thicker feedings can reduce the frequency and volume of emesis by making the food less likely to be regurgitated. Enlarging the nipple hole helps ensure the thickened feedings can pass through. Surgical therapy (Choice A) is not the initial recommendation for managing gastroesophageal reflux in infants. Placing the infant in a prone position for sleep after feeding (Choice B) is not recommended due to the increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Reducing the frequency of feeding by encouraging larger volumes of formula (Choice D) can exacerbate the reflux symptoms.

2. The nurse is discussing home care with a mother whose 6-year-old child has hepatitis A. What information should the nurse include?

• A. Advise bed rest until 1 week after the icteric phase.
• B. Teach infection control measures to family members.
• C. Inform the mother that the child cannot return to school until 3 weeks after onset of jaundice.
• D. Reassure the mother that hepatitis A cannot be transmitted to other family members.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Teaching infection control measures is crucial as Hepatitis A is highly contagious, especially in household settings. Proper hand hygiene and avoiding sharing personal items can prevent the spread of the virus within the family. Option A is incorrect because bed rest is not typically required for hepatitis A. Option C is incorrect as the child can return to school once feeling well and no longer contagious, not necessarily after a specific duration. Option D is incorrect because hepatitis A can be transmitted through contaminated food, water, or close personal contact.

3. What signs and symptoms are indicative of a urinary tract disorder in the infancy period (1-24 months)? (Select all that apply.)

• A. All below
• B. Poor feeding
• C. Hypothermia
• D. Frequent urination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In infants, urinary tract disorders may present with poor feeding, hypothermia, and frequent urination. Pallor can be associated with other conditions but is less specific to urinary tract disorders.

4. What interventions should be implemented to maintain the skin integrity of a preterm infant born at 30 weeks?

• A. Avoid cleaning the skin
• B. Bathe the infant with sterile water
• C. Cleanse the skin with a gentle alkaline-based soap and water
• D. Thoroughly rinse the skin with plain water after bathing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct intervention to maintain the skin integrity of a preterm infant born at 30 weeks is to bathe the infant with sterile water. Bathing with sterile water or a neutral pH solution is recommended to protect the delicate skin of preterm infants, which is more permeable and prone to damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as avoiding cleaning the skin may lead to hygiene issues, cleansing with alkaline-based soap can be harsh on the delicate skin, and thoroughly rinsing with plain water after bathing may not be as gentle and protective for preterm infants.

5. What name is given to inflammation of the bladder?

• A. Cystitis
• B. Urethritis
• C. Urosepsis
• D. Bacteriuria

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, urosepsis to a systemic infection stemming from the urinary tract, and bacteriuria to the presence of bacteria in the urine.

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