ATI RN
ATI Oncology Questions
1. A nurse working with oncology clients knows that an age-related decrease in which function increases the older client’s susceptibility to infection during chemotherapy?
- A. Immune function.
- B. Kidney function.
- C. Liver function.
- D. Cardiac function.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: As people age, the immune system becomes less efficient, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. This decline in immune function includes reduced production of immune cells (such as T cells and B cells) and diminished responses to infections. During chemotherapy, which further suppresses the immune system, older clients are at a significantly higher risk of developing infections due to this age-related decrease in immune function. This is especially concerning because chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells, which include immune cells, making it even harder for the body to fight off infections.
2. Which of the following vaccines is not done by intramuscular (IM) injection?
- A. Measles vaccine C. Hepa-B vaccine
- B. DPT D. Tetanus toxoids
- C.
- D.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.
3. A patient is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following is a common initial treatment strategy?
- A. Insulin therapy
- B. Lifestyle modification and metformin
- C. Sulfonylureas
- D. Thiazolidinediones
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lifestyle modification and metformin. When managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, initial treatment often involves lifestyle changes such as adopting a healthy diet and increasing physical activity, along with the oral medication metformin. Insulin therapy (choice A) is usually reserved for cases where lifestyle changes and oral medications are not sufficient to control blood sugar levels. Sulfonylureas (choice C) and thiazolidinediones (choice D) are also oral medications used in diabetes management, but they are not typically recommended as first-line treatments due to various side effects and considerations in type 2 diabetes management.
4. A nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client who has hearing loss. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Use written communication
- B. Speak louder than usual
- C. Face the client when speaking
- D. Provide care in a quiet environment
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Using written communication is the most effective action for a nurse when assessing a client with hearing loss. This method helps overcome communication barriers by providing information visually, ensuring the client understands the assessment questions and instructions. Speaking louder (choice B) may distort the sound and not necessarily improve understanding. Facing the client (choice C) is important for lip reading but may not be sufficient for effective communication. Providing care in a quiet environment (choice D) is beneficial but might not fully address the need for clear communication in the assessment process for a client with hearing loss.
5. A patient requires assistance to stand from a sitting position. Which action by the nurse ensures patient safety?
- A. Allow the patient to pull up on the nurse's arm.
- B. Place a gait belt around the patient for support.
- C. Have the patient push off the chair with their hands.
- D. Ask the patient to lift themselves up without support.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Placing a gait belt around the patient for support is the safest option when assisting a patient to stand from a sitting position. This belt provides stability and support, reducing the risk of falls or injuries during the transfer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Allowing the patient to pull up on the nurse's arm (Choice A) may lead to instability and compromise safety. Having the patient push off the chair with their hands (Choice C) might not provide sufficient support, especially for patients who require assistance. Asking the patient to lift themselves up without support (Choice D) can be dangerous and increase the risk of falls.
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