ATI RN
Fluid and Electrolytes ATI
1. During a visit to an 84-year-old woman recovering from hip surgery, the nurse notices signs of confusion and poor skin turgor. The woman mentions she limits water intake to avoid nighttime bathroom trips. The nurse should explain to the woman that:
- A. She will need her medications adjusted and be readmitted for a complete workup.
- B. Limiting fluids can lead to body imbalances causing confusion; perhaps adjusting fluid intake timing is necessary.
- C. Post-surgical confusion is common, and it's safe not to urinate at night.
- D. Confusion after surgery is typical in the elderly due to sleep loss.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In elderly patients, fluid and electrolyte imbalances can manifest with subtle signs like confusion. Limiting fluids can lead to such imbalances, affecting cognitive function. Adjusting the timing of fluid intake can help maintain hydration without causing nighttime disruptions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A suggests unnecessary hospital readmission and medication adjustments without addressing the root cause. Choice C wrongly normalizes the confusion and fails to address the potential issue of fluid restriction. Choice D incorrectly attributes confusion solely to sleep loss without considering the impact of fluid balance.
2. A client is receiving treatment with carboplatin. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Ototoxicity
- C. Hypertension
- D. Bradycardia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Carboplatin is known to cause ototoxicity as a serious adverse effect. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the client for any signs or symptoms of hearing loss or other auditory issues to address them promptly. Incorrect Choices Rationale: A) Hyperglycemia is not a common side effect associated with carboplatin. C) Hypertension is not a typical finding to monitor for specifically related to carboplatin treatment. D) Bradycardia is not a primary concern when monitoring a client on carboplatin.
3. The manager of a medical-surgical unit is very task-motivated. Using Fiedler's Contingency Theory, under what circumstances would the manager be most effective?
- A. Only during highly stressful situations.
- B. When there is little to no stress.
- C. Under highly structured situations.
- D. When the situation is loosely structured.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory, task-motivated managers are most effective under highly structured situations. This is because in such environments, where priorities are clear and tasks are well-defined, task-oriented managers can excel in organizing and accomplishing objectives efficiently. Choices A and B are incorrect because the effectiveness of a task-motivated manager is not solely linked to stress levels but rather to the structure of the situation. Choice D is also incorrect as a loosely structured situation would not provide the clarity and direction that a task-motivated manager thrives in.
4. Diego is undergoing blood transfusion of the first unit. The earliest signs of transfusion reactions are:
- A. Oliguria and jaundice
- B. Urticaria and wheezing
- C. Headache, chills, & fever
- D. Hypertension and flushing
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.
5. What is an infectious disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another?
- A. A communicable disease
- B. A portal of exit from the reservoir
- C. A susceptible host
- D. A portal of entry to a host
Correct answer: A communicable disease
Rationale:
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