ATI RN
ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam
1. When teaching a parent of a child with hemophilia, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Administer aspirin for pain.
- B. Avoid administering NSAIDs.
- C. Restrict physical activities.
- D. Apply heat to joints.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Avoid administering NSAIDs.' Hemophilia is a condition where blood does not clot properly. NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) can increase the risk of bleeding in individuals with hemophilia. Therefore, it is crucial for the parent to avoid giving their child NSAIDs for pain management to prevent exacerbating bleeding tendencies. Choice A is incorrect because aspirin, like NSAIDs, can also increase the risk of bleeding. Choice C is incorrect because physical activities should not be restricted but rather managed to prevent injuries that could lead to bleeding. Choice D is incorrect because applying heat to joints can worsen bleeding in individuals with hemophilia.
2. When administering a subcutaneous injection of insulin to a client, what angle should the nurse use for the injection?
- A. 45-degree angle
- B. 60-degree angle
- C. 90-degree angle
- D. 30-degree angle
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct angle for administering a subcutaneous injection, such as insulin, is 90 degrees. This angle allows for the medication to be delivered into the subcutaneous layer of tissue beneath the skin. A 45-degree angle is typically used for administering subcutaneous injections in infants or those with reduced adipose tissue, while a 60-degree angle is commonly used for intramuscular injections. A 30-degree angle is not a standard angle for subcutaneous injections.
3. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively referred to as _____.
- A. Coronary artery disease
- B. Cardiovascular disease
- C. Coronary heart disease
- D. Coronary vessel disease
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels is cardiovascular disease. While coronary artery disease (Choice A) specifically involves the narrowing of coronary arteries, it is just one type of cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease (Choice C) is also a specific condition related to the heart's blood vessels. Choice D, coronary vessel disease, is not a commonly used term to describe diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Therefore, Choice B, cardiovascular disease, is the most inclusive and appropriate term to refer to these conditions.
4. During an assessment of a male client suspected of having a disorder of motor function, which finding would suggest a possible upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion?
- A. Hypotonia
- B. Hyperreflexia
- C. Muscle atrophy
- D. Fasciculations
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hyperreflexia, or exaggerated reflexes, is a common sign of an upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion. An UMN lesion indicates damage to the central nervous system pathways that control movement. Hypotonia (choice A) refers to reduced muscle tone, which is more indicative of lower motor neuron lesions. Muscle atrophy (choice C) suggests long-standing denervation or disuse of muscles. Fasciculations (choice D) are involuntary muscle contractions that can be seen in lower motor neuron lesions, like in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), rather than UMN lesions.
5. A healthcare provider is educating a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus about managing blood glucose levels. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will monitor my blood glucose levels every morning.
- B. I will stop taking my insulin if my blood glucose level is below 200 mg/dL.
- C. I will take my insulin as prescribed, even if I am feeling well.
- D. I will eat more simple carbohydrates if my blood glucose level is low.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because consuming more simple carbohydrates when blood glucose levels are low can cause a rapid spike in blood sugar levels, leading to potential complications. Clients with type 2 diabetes should eat complex carbohydrates or foods that help stabilize blood sugar levels when experiencing hypoglycemia. Choices A, B, and C demonstrate understanding of monitoring blood glucose levels regularly, not stopping insulin without consulting a healthcare provider, and adhering to insulin therapy even when feeling well, which are all appropriate actions for managing diabetes.
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