a nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has hemophilia which of the following instructions should the nurse include
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ATI RN

ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam

1. When teaching a parent of a child with hemophilia, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Avoid administering NSAIDs.' Hemophilia is a condition where blood does not clot properly. NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) can increase the risk of bleeding in individuals with hemophilia. Therefore, it is crucial for the parent to avoid giving their child NSAIDs for pain management to prevent exacerbating bleeding tendencies. Choice A is incorrect because aspirin, like NSAIDs, can also increase the risk of bleeding. Choice C is incorrect because physical activities should not be restricted but rather managed to prevent injuries that could lead to bleeding. Choice D is incorrect because applying heat to joints can worsen bleeding in individuals with hemophilia.

2. A child is being assessed for Kawasaki disease. Which of the following findings should be expected?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In Kawasaki disease, a child typically presents with a fever that is unresponsive to antipyretics because the disease is characterized by systemic inflammation. The persistent fever is a hallmark feature of the disease and can last for more than five days despite treatment with antipyretics.

3. As a result of opioid administration, a child's respirations are slow and shallow. Which should the nurse anticipate when assessing the child's arterial blood gas?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a child's respirations are slow and shallow due to opioid administration, it results in hypoventilation. This leads to retaining carbon dioxide, indicated by an increased PCO2 level on arterial blood gas analysis, and subsequently causes respiratory acidosis due to the buildup of CO2 in the blood. Therefore, choice A, 'Increased PCO2 and respiratory acidosis,' is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because slow and shallow respirations would not lead to decreased PCO2 or respiratory alkalosis (choice B), low pH and low PCO2 (choice C), or high pH and high PCO2 (choice D).

4. The healthcare provider is providing care to a child who was treated with aspirin during a viral infection. Which clinical manifestations should cause the healthcare provider concern?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and confusion are concerning as they are indicative of Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious condition associated with aspirin use in children during viral illnesses. Reye's syndrome can lead to severe complications, including brain and liver damage, hence prompt recognition and management are crucial.

5. A young child admitted to the pediatric unit has fever, irritability, and vomiting with suspected bacterial meningitis. Which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) result should the nurse anticipate based on these data?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In bacterial meningitis, the glucose level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is typically decreased due to the increased utilization of glucose by the infecting bacteria. This metabolic change leads to a decrease in CSF glucose levels, making choice D the correct answer in this scenario. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because bacterial meningitis usually results in an increased protein count, cloudy appearance of the CSF due to the presence of bacteria, and absence of red blood cells (RBCs) in the CSF unless there is a traumatic tap, respectively.

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