ATI RN
ATI Capstone Fundamentals Assessment Proctored
1. A client with diabetes mellitus is being taught about foot care by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Cut toenails straight across
- B. Wear shoes at all times
- C. Apply lotion between the toes
- D. Soak feet in hot water daily
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Wear shoes at all times.' This instruction is crucial for preventing foot injuries in clients with diabetes mellitus. Wearing shoes protects the feet from potential injuries and reduces the risk of developing foot ulcers. Cutting toenails straight across (not in a rounded shape) helps prevent ingrown toenails. Applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections. Soaking feet in hot water daily can lead to dry skin and potentially cause burns, which is not recommended for individuals with diabetes.
2. A client has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to prevent infection?
- A. Change the catheter every 72 hours.
- B. Ensure the tubing is unkinked.
- C. Empty the drainage bag every 4 hours.
- D. Hang the drainage bag below the bladder.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to hang the drainage bag below the bladder. This positioning helps prevent backflow of urine, reducing the risk of infection. Changing the catheter every 72 hours is not necessary unless clinically indicated and may increase infection risk by introducing pathogens. Ensuring the tubing is unkinked promotes proper urine flow but does not directly prevent infection. Emptying the drainage bag regularly is important to prevent urinary stasis but does not directly address infection prevention.
3. A client with osteoporosis is being taught by a nurse about preventing bone loss. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take a calcium supplement once a day.
- B. Avoid weight-bearing exercises.
- C. Walk for 30 minutes 3 times per week.
- D. Increase intake of high-phosphorus foods.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Walk for 30 minutes 3 times per week.' Walking is a weight-bearing exercise that helps prevent bone loss and improve overall health in clients with osteoporosis. Option A is incorrect because while calcium is essential for bone health, simply taking a supplement is not sufficient for preventing bone loss. Option B is incorrect because weight-bearing exercises are actually beneficial for improving bone density and strength. Option D is incorrect because high-phosphorus foods do not play a significant role in preventing bone loss in osteoporosis.
4. A nurse is reviewing the results of serum laboratory studies drawn on a client who is suspected of having hepatitis. The nurse interprets that an elevation in which of the following studies is the most specific indicator of the disease?
- A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- B. Serum bilirubin
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. Blood urea nitrogen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Laboratory indicators of hepatitis include elevated liver enzymes, serum bilirubin level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate is nonspecific test that indicates the presence of inflammation somewhere in the body. Elevated blood urea nitrogen may indicate renal dysfunction. A hemoglobin level is unrelated to this diagnosis.
5. Which of the following symptoms indicates diverticulosis?
- A. No symptoms exist
- B. Change in bowel habits
- C. Anorexia with low-grade fever
- D. Episodic, dull, or steady midabdominal pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Diverticulosis often has no symptoms and is usually found incidentally during tests for other conditions.
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