Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client through a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which action should the nurse take?

• A. Crush all the medications and mix them together in water
• B. Flush the NG tube with 10 mL of air before each medication
• C. Dissolve each medication separately and flush with water between medications
• D. Administer all medications at the same time

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when administering medications through an NG tube is to dissolve each medication separately and flush with water between medications. This practice helps prevent interactions between medications and ensures that each medication is delivered effectively. Option A is incorrect as mixing all medications together can lead to chemical interactions or alter the effectiveness of the medications. Option B is incorrect because flushing the NG tube with air is not recommended and may cause harm. Option D is incorrect as administering all medications at the same time does not allow for proper absorption and interaction control.

2. A client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is being taught about foot care. What instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Apply lotion between the toes after bathing
• B. Wear shoes at all times
• C. Cut toenails in a rounded shape
• D. Inspect the feet weekly

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to wear shoes at all times. This instruction is vital for clients with diabetes mellitus as it helps protect the feet and reduces the risk of injury. Option A is incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can increase moisture and the risk of fungal infections. Option C is incorrect as cutting toenails in a rounded shape may lead to ingrown toenails. Option D is also incorrect as inspecting the feet weekly is not sufficient for proper foot care in clients with diabetes mellitus.

3. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension. What instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Reduce sodium intake to 4 grams per day
• B. Avoid foods high in potassium
• C. Take prescribed antihypertensive medications daily
• D. Limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Take prescribed antihypertensive medications daily.' When providing discharge teaching to a client with hypertension, one of the key instructions is to ensure the consistent intake of prescribed antihypertensive medications. This is crucial for controlling blood pressure levels and reducing the risk of complications associated with hypertension. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because reducing sodium intake, avoiding foods high in potassium, and limiting fluid intake are important dietary modifications for various health conditions, but they are not the priority when it comes to managing hypertension. The primary focus should be on medication adherence to effectively manage hypertension.

4. A nurse enters a client's room and sees smoke coming from the trash can. What action should the nurse take first?

• A. Call for assistance
• B. Evacuate the room
• C. Attempt to put out the fire
• D. Turn off the oxygen supply

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the event of a fire, the priority is to ensure everyone's safety. Therefore, the nurse's initial action should be to evacuate the room. Calling for assistance can be done while evacuating, ensuring help is on the way. Attempting to put out the fire can be dangerous and may delay evacuation. Turning off the oxygen supply is not the first step in this situation, as the immediate concern is to remove individuals from the potential danger.

5. A nurse is updating the plan of care for a client with limited mobility. What intervention should the nurse include to prevent skin breakdown?

• A. Reposition the client every 4 hours
• B. Apply lotion to the skin every 2 hours
• C. Use a special mattress to reduce pressure on the skin
• D. Increase fluid intake to promote skin hydration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Use a special mattress to reduce pressure on the skin.' This intervention is crucial in preventing skin breakdown in clients with limited mobility as it helps to reduce pressure on bony prominences. Repositioning every 4 hours (Choice A) is important but may not be sufficient to prevent skin breakdown entirely. Applying lotion every 2 hours (Choice B) may not address the root cause of skin breakdown related to pressure. Increasing fluid intake (Choice D) is beneficial for overall skin health but may not directly prevent skin breakdown caused by pressure points.

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