Nursing Elites

1. The RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than for men or postmenopausal women because of the blood loss during menstruation.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 18 mg of iron per day for women 19 to 50 years old, 8 mg/day for women 51 years old and older, and men 19 years old and older. During menstruation, women lose blood containing iron, leading to a higher iron requirement in premenopausal women compared to men or postmenopausal women. This increased demand aims to replenish the iron lost during this physiological process. Therefore, the statement and reason are directly linked, explaining why the RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than in men or postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.

2. What are sheets/forms that provide an efficient and time-saving way to record information that must be obtained repeatedly at regular and/or short intervals of time? This does not replace progress notes; instead, it records information on vital signs, intake and output, treatment, postoperative care, postpartum care, and diabetic regimen, etc. These are used whenever specific measurements or observations need to be documented repeatedly. What is this?

• A. Nursing Kardex
• B. Graphic Flow Sheets
• C. Discharge Summary
• D. Medicine and Treatment Record

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Nursing Kardex. Nursing Kardex is a tool used for documenting essential patient information that needs to be recorded repeatedly at regular intervals. It includes vital signs, intake and output, treatment details, postoperative care, postpartum care, and diabetic regimen. This tool is efficient and time-saving for healthcare professionals. Choice B, Graphic Flow Sheets, may be used for visual representation of patient data but is not specifically designed for repeated documentation of essential information. Choice C, Discharge Summary, is a document outlining the patient's care and condition at the time of discharge, not for repeated recording of ongoing data. Choice D, Medicine and Treatment Record, focuses more on specific medications and treatments rather than a comprehensive recording of various patient data needed at regular intervals.

3. What physiologic role does magnesium play in the body?

• A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
• B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
• C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
• D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Magnesium plays an important role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and preventing skeletal abnormalities. It is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including energy metabolism, insulin activity, and glucose use. Magnesium is vital to the structural integrity of heart muscle and other muscles and nerves. While magnesium does play a role in blood clotting, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, relaxation, ATP energy release, and metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, the primary physiologic role of magnesium in the body is related to calcium homeostasis and maintaining the structural integrity of the heart muscle. Choice A is incorrect because it includes functions of magnesium, but they are not its primary physiologic role. Choice C is incorrect as magnesium has several known metabolic functions. Choice D is incorrect because although magnesium is involved in ATP energy release and metabolism, its primary role is related to calcium homeostasis and structural integrity of muscle.

4. A paranoid client refuses to eat telling you that you poisoned his food. The best intervention to this client is:

• A. Taste the food in front of him and tell him that the food is not poisoned
• B. Offer other types of food until the client eats
• C. Simply state that the food is not poisoned
• D. Offer sealed foods

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

5. Which of the following methods is the best method for determining nasogastric tube placement in the stomach?

• A. X-ray
• B. Observation of gastric aspirate
• C. Testing of pH of gastric aspirate
• D. Placement of external end of tube under water

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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