Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension about a heart healthy diet. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the teaching?

• A. I will get 15% of my total daily calories from saturated fats.
• B. I will decrease the potassium in my diet.
• C. I will limit my daily sodium intake to 3 grams.
• D. I will eat five 8-ounce servings of fruit daily.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Limiting daily sodium intake to 3 grams helps manage blood pressure and is a key part of a heart-healthy diet.

2. A nurse is caring for a 30-month-old toddler and is preparing a nutritional snack. Which of the following foods is appropriate for the nurse to offer the toddler?

• A. Plain popcorn
• B. Grapes
• C. Raw carrots
• D. Cheese

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cheese is a safe and nutritious option for toddlers, providing calcium and protein without choking hazards.

3. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. Albumin in my urine is an indication of normal kidney function.
• B. I will keep my HbA1c at five percent.
• C. I will have ketones in my urine if my blood glucose is maintained at 190 milligrams per deciliter.
• D. I will keep my blood glucose levels between 200 and 212 milligrams per deciliter.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Maintaining an HbA1c level of 5 percent indicates good long-term blood glucose control and understanding of diabetes management.

4. A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a client who has Phenylketonuria (PKU) and is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion?

• A. Diet sodas should not be consumed more than two or three times per week.
• B. Serum bilirubin should be monitored one or two times per month during pregnancy
• C. Breastfeeding will prevent your baby from developing PKU.
• D. A low-protein diet should be followed for three months prior to conception.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A low-protein diet helps manage PKU by reducing phenylalanine levels, which is crucial for maternal and fetal health.

5. A nurse is initiating continuous enteral feedings for a client who has a new gastrostomy tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Measure the client’s gastric residual every 12 hr.
• B. Obtain the client’s electrolyte levels every 4 hr.
• C. Keep the client’s head elevated at 15* during feedings.
• D. Flush the client’s tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hr.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Flushing the client's tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hours helps maintain tube patency and prevent blockages.

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