ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Quizlet
1. A client has a new prescription for Ranitidine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with an antacid.
- B. Avoid drinking coffee while taking this medication.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Stop the medication if you develop a headache.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed Ranitidine is to take the medication at bedtime. Ranitidine is best taken at bedtime as it helps decrease the production of stomach acid during the night, providing optimal relief for conditions like heartburn or acid indigestion.
2. What ECG changes are seen with hyperkalemia?
- A. Flattened T waves
- B. Elevated ST segments
- C. Prominent U waves
- D. Widened QRS complex
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Flattened T waves are an early ECG sign of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia affects the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential, leading to changes such as peaked T waves, prolonged PR interval, widened QRS complex, and ultimately sine wave pattern. Elevated ST segments, prominent U waves, and widened QRS complex are not typically associated with hyperkalemia, making choices B, C, and D incorrect.
3. When preparing to insert an intravenous catheter for a 7-year-old child, which of the following actions should a healthcare professional take?
- A. Apply an anesthetic cream to the insertion site 1 hr before the procedure.
- B. Use a 16-gauge needle for the insertion.
- C. Insert the catheter into a vein of the child's dominant hand.
- D. Choose a site over the child's metacarpal veins.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Applying an anesthetic cream to the insertion site 1 hr before the procedure is crucial when inserting an intravenous catheter in a child to minimize pain and discomfort during the procedure. This practice is especially important in pediatric patients to ensure a more comfortable experience and improve cooperation during the insertion process. Choice B is incorrect as a 16-gauge needle is too large for a child, and a smaller gauge needle is typically used. Choice C is incorrect as the catheter should be inserted into a suitable vein, not specifically the dominant hand vein. Choice D is incorrect as metacarpal veins are usually avoided due to their small size and the potential for complications.
4. Which best describes a key goal of secondary prevention?
- A. Preventing the onset of disease
- B. Detecting diseases early
- C. Managing chronic conditions
- D. Improving quality of life
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The key goal of secondary prevention is to detect diseases early before they progress to advanced stages. By identifying diseases at an early stage, healthcare providers can intervene promptly, initiate treatment, and potentially improve patient outcomes. This approach aims to prevent complications and reduce the impact of the disease on an individual's health and well-being.
5. Which of the following types of vitamin or mineral deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia and is associated with lower extremity paresthesias?
- A. Vitamin B12
- B. Folate
- C. Iron
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neurological symptoms, including lower extremity paresthesias. Folate deficiency can also cause megaloblastic anemia but typically does not present with neurological symptoms. Iron deficiency leads to microcytic anemia, not megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin K deficiency is associated with coagulation abnormalities, not megaloblastic anemia.
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