Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is reviewing the medical record of a client with a hip fracture. Which finding is a risk factor for pressure injuries?

• A. Frequent repositioning
• B. Poor nutrition
• C. Use of a special mattress
• D. Urinary incontinence

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the use of a special mattress. Special mattresses are designed to reduce pressure on bony prominences, thereby helping to prevent pressure injuries. Frequent repositioning (Choice A) is actually a preventive measure for pressure injuries. Poor nutrition (Choice B) can contribute to delayed wound healing but is not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries. Urinary incontinence (Choice D) can increase the risk of skin breakdown but is not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries.

2. A client is being taught how to use a cane. Which instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Use the cane on the stronger side
• B. Use the cane on the weaker side
• C. Ensure the cane has a rubber tip
• D. Hold the cane 1-2 inches from the ground

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to use the cane on the stronger side. This instruction is important because it provides better support and balance. Placing the cane on the stronger side helps to shift weight off the weaker or injured side, reducing the risk of falls and promoting stability. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Using the cane on the weaker side would not provide optimal support. While ensuring the cane has a rubber tip and holding it 1-2 inches from the ground are important, they are not as crucial as using the cane on the stronger side for proper support and balance.

3. A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about foot care. What is the most important instruction the nurse should include?

• A. Apply lotion between the toes after bathing
• B. Inspect feet daily for injuries
• C. Wear shoes only indoors
• D. Cut toenails in a rounded shape

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Inspecting feet daily for injuries is crucial for clients with diabetes to prevent unnoticed wounds from becoming infected. This instruction is the most important as it helps in early detection and management of foot problems. Choice A is incorrect because applying lotion between the toes can lead to excessive moisture, increasing the risk of fungal infections. Choice C is wrong as wearing shoes indoors can also lead to foot issues. Choice D is incorrect because cutting toenails in a rounded shape can result in ingrown toenails, posing a risk for infection.

4. A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What instruction should the nurse include to help improve oxygenation?

• A. Use pursed-lip breathing during activities
• B. Avoid physical activity
• C. Perform weight-bearing exercises
• D. Use a humidifier while sleeping

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to use pursed-lip breathing during activities to help improve oxygenation. Pursed-lip breathing can keep the airways open longer, facilitating better oxygen exchange and making it easier to exhale carbon dioxide. Choice B is incorrect as physical activity, within the client's limitations, is beneficial for maintaining overall health. Choice C is incorrect as weight-bearing exercises are important for bone health but not directly related to improving oxygenation in COPD. Choice D is incorrect as using a humidifier while sleeping can help with moisture in the airways but does not directly impact oxygenation in COPD.

5. A nurse is preparing to administer a medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube. What action should the nurse take first?

• A. Flush the NG tube with 60 mL of water
• B. Verify tube placement
• C. Crush the medications and dissolve them in water
• D. Administer all medications together

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Verifying tube placement is the priority before administering any medications through a nasogastric tube. This step ensures that the tube is correctly positioned in the stomach to prevent complications such as aspiration. Flushing the tube with water, crushing medications, or administering them together should only be done after confirming the correct placement of the NG tube. Therefore, option B is the correct first action to take in this scenario.

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