Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing fluid volume deficit (FVD). What clinical finding should the nurse expect?

• A. Decreased hematocrit
• B. Increased heart rate
• C. Increased blood pressure
• D. Decreased respiratory rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Increased heart rate is a common sign of fluid volume deficit (FVD) as the body compensates for decreased fluid levels. When a client is experiencing FVD, the body tries to maintain perfusion to vital organs by increasing the heart rate. This compensatory mechanism helps to improve cardiac output and maintain blood pressure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in FVD, hematocrit may be increased due to hemoconcentration, blood pressure tends to decrease as a compensatory response to FVD, and respiratory rate is usually unaffected or may increase due to attempts to maintain oxygenation.

2. A healthcare professional is reviewing the medical record of a client with a hip fracture. Which finding is a risk factor for pressure injuries?

• A. Frequent repositioning
• B. Poor nutrition
• C. Use of a special mattress
• D. Urinary incontinence

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the use of a special mattress. Special mattresses are designed to reduce pressure on bony prominences, thereby helping to prevent pressure injuries. Frequent repositioning (Choice A) is actually a preventive measure for pressure injuries. Poor nutrition (Choice B) can contribute to delayed wound healing but is not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries. Urinary incontinence (Choice D) can increase the risk of skin breakdown but is not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries.

3. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing the motor skill development of a 15-month-old toddler during a well-child visit. What gross motor skill should the nurse expect?

• A. Jumps with both feet
• B. Runs with coordination
• C. Walks without assistance
• D. Kicks a ball forward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 15 months, a toddler should be able to walk without assistance. Walking without assistance is a major gross motor skill milestone at this age, indicating the child's physical development and coordination. Choices A, B, and D are developmentally inappropriate for a 15-month-old. Jumping with both feet, running with coordination, and kicking a ball forward typically develop later in a child's growth and are more advanced skills compared to walking independently.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who reports a decrease in the effectiveness of their pain medication. What factor should the nurse identify as contributing to this decrease?

• A. History of frequent alcohol use
• B. Decreased physical activity
• C. Bowel inflammation
• D. History of opioid use

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bowel inflammation. Bowel inflammation can interfere with the absorption of medications, including pain medication, leading to decreased effectiveness. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because although they can impact pain management in various ways, they are not directly related to the decreased effectiveness of pain medication due to absorption issues.

5. A nurse is performing a focused assessment on a client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What finding should the nurse expect?

• A. Increased breath sounds
• B. Flushed skin
• C. Nasal flaring
• D. Decreased respiratory rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flushed skin. Flushed skin is a common finding in clients with COPD who are experiencing dyspnea. Increased breath sounds (choice A) are not typically associated with COPD; they may indicate conditions like pneumonia. Nasal flaring (choice C) is more commonly seen in respiratory distress in pediatric patients. Decreased respiratory rate (choice D) is not a typical finding in COPD and could indicate respiratory depression.

Similar Questions