Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery. What behavior should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for constipation?

• A. Increased physical activity
• B. Frequent urge suppression
• C. Adequate sleep
• D. Increased fluid intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Frequent urge suppression can lead to constipation, especially postoperatively. Suppressing the urge to defecate can disrupt the normal bowel movement pattern and lead to constipation. Choices A, C, and D are behaviors that generally help prevent constipation rather than increase the risk. Increased physical activity, adequate sleep, and increased fluid intake promote bowel regularity and reduce the risk of constipation.

2. When providing discharge teaching to a client prescribed home oxygen therapy, what information should the nurse include?

• A. Increase the oxygen flow rate during activity
• B. Avoid smoking and open flames near oxygen
• C. Store the oxygen tank in a warm, dry place
• D. Turn off the oxygen when not in use

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Avoid smoking and open flames near oxygen.' This information is crucial to prevent fire hazards when using home oxygen therapy. Smoking and open flames near oxygen can lead to serious accidents. Choice A is incorrect because increasing the oxygen flow rate during activity without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous. Choice C is incorrect as oxygen tanks should be stored in a well-ventilated area, not necessarily warm and dry. Choice D is incorrect as oxygen should not be turned off and on by the client, as it can affect the therapy's effectiveness and cause safety issues.

3. A nurse is caring for an older adult who has a nonpalpable skin lesion that is less than 0.5cm (0.2in) in diameter. Which term should the nurse use to document this finding?

• A. Papule
• B. Macule
• C. Nodule
• D. Tumor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Macule. A macule is a flat, nonpalpable skin lesion that is smaller than 1 cm in diameter. In this case, the lesion is less than 0.5cm, fitting the description of a macule. A papule (choice A) is a solid, elevated lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter. A nodule (choice C) is a solid, elevated lesion that is 0.5 cm or larger in diameter. A tumor (choice D) refers to a mass of abnormal tissue growth, which is not applicable in this scenario.

4. A nurse is planning a community education program about colorectal cancer. What risk factors should the nurse identify as modifiable?

• A. Age and gender
• B. High-fat diet, smoking, alcohol consumption
• C. Ethnicity and race
• D. Exposure to radiation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: High-fat diet, smoking, alcohol consumption. These are modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer as individuals can make lifestyle changes to reduce their risk. Age and gender (choice A) are non-modifiable risk factors. Ethnicity and race (choice C) can influence the risk of colorectal cancer but are not modifiable factors. Exposure to radiation (choice D) is not a common modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer.

5. A nurse is teaching about food choices for a client on a low-sodium diet. What food should the nurse recommend?

• A. Canned soup
• B. Fresh fruit
• C. Processed meats
• D. Frozen meals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fresh fruit is a good option for clients on a low-sodium diet as it is naturally low in sodium. Canned soup, processed meats, and frozen meals tend to be high in sodium due to added salt and preservatives, making them unsuitable choices for individuals on a low-sodium diet.

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