ATI RN
ATI Mental Health Practice A
1. When caring for a patient with major depressive disorder prescribed an MAOI, what type of food should the nurse educate the patient to avoid?
- A. High-protein foods
- B. High-fiber foods
- C. Tyramine-rich foods
- D. Low-fat foods
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Patients prescribed MAOIs need to avoid consuming tyramine-rich foods as these can lead to hypertensive crises. Tyramine is found in various foods like aged cheeses, cured meats, some types of beer, and fermented products. Interactions between tyramine and MAOIs can result in severe hypertension, highlighting the importance of educating patients about dietary restrictions to ensure their safety. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because high-protein foods, high-fiber foods, and low-fat foods do not pose a significant risk of hypertensive crises when taken with MAOIs. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
2. Many patient classification systems have some type of shortcoming. Among these are:
- A. The client's condition changes before the next shift.
- B. The staffing needs are predicted on a short-term basis.
- C. The potential admissions cannot be accounted for.
- D. The staffing mix changes because of illness.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Patient classification systems have limitations in accounting for changes in a client's condition, unexpected influx of new admissions, and changes in staffing due to illness. These systems often focus on short-term staffing needs rather than utilizing demand management, which considers client outcomes to predict staffing needs over a longer period. Not being able to account for potential admissions can lead to challenges in effectively managing staff allocation and resources. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific limitation of patient classification systems related to accounting for potential admissions.
3. What is the best dietary recommendation for a patient with chronic kidney disease?
- A. Low-protein diet
- B. High-protein diet
- C. Low-sodium diet
- D. High-sodium diet
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is a low-sodium diet. Patients with chronic kidney disease are often advised to follow a low-sodium diet to help manage fluid retention. Excessive sodium intake can lead to fluid buildup in the body, causing complications for individuals with kidney issues. Choices A and B are incorrect because while protein intake may need to be monitored in kidney disease, the primary focus is typically on sodium restriction. Choice D is incorrect as a high-sodium diet would exacerbate fluid retention in patients with chronic kidney disease.
4. What should the nurse prioritize when monitoring an older adult client immediately following a bronchoscopy?
- A. Observing for confusion
- B. Auscultating breath sounds
- C. Confirming the gag reflex
- D. Measuring blood pressure
Correct answer: C: Confirming the gag reflex
Rationale: Following a bronchoscopy, the priority for the nurse is to confirm the gag reflex in the older adult client. This is crucial to ensure that the client's airway is protected and free from any obstruction or aspiration. Monitoring the gag reflex helps in preventing complications such as aspiration pneumonia. While auscultating breath sounds, observing for confusion, and measuring blood pressure are important assessments, confirming the gag reflex takes precedence in this situation to maintain airway patency and prevent potential respiratory complications.
5. Jason, a 4-year-old boy, believes that it gets cloudy and rainy every time he is sad. He concluded that his sadness is the cause of the bad weather. This tendency is known as?
- A. Irreversibility
- B. Centration
- C. Animism
- D. Transduction
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Transduction. Transduction refers to when a child believes that their feelings or actions cause unrelated events, such as a child thinking their sadness causes rain. Choice A, Irreversibility, is incorrect as it relates to the belief that actions cannot be undone, which is more related to conservation tasks in Piaget's theory. Choice B, Centration, refers to the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation, overlooking other relevant aspects. Choice C, Animism, is the attribution of lifelike qualities to inanimate objects, which is not applicable in this scenario.
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