ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 1
1. A nurse is caring for a patient who is being treated with clomiphene citrate (Clomid) for infertility. What side effect should the nurse warn the patient about?
- A. Headaches and visual disturbances
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Hot flashes and abdominal discomfort
- D. Fatigue and depression
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Hot flashes and abdominal discomfort.' Clomiphene citrate, commonly known as Clomid, can lead to hot flashes and abdominal discomfort as side effects. It is important for the nurse to warn the patient about these potential effects. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because headaches and visual disturbances, nausea and vomiting, as well as fatigue and depression are not commonly associated with clomiphene citrate use.
2. The renin and angiotensin systems help to maintain the balance of sodium and water in the body. What other functions do these systems serve?
- A. Regulating hemoglobin levels
- B. Maintaining a healthy blood volume
- C. Releasing platelets when tissues are injured
- D. Lowering blood volumes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining a healthy blood volume. The renin and angiotensin systems not only help to regulate sodium and water balance in the body but also play a crucial role in maintaining an adequate blood volume. This is essential for normal blood pressure regulation and overall cardiovascular health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin levels are primarily regulated by the bone marrow and erythropoietin, platelets are released in response to blood vessel injury by a different mechanism, and the systems do not focus on lowering blood volumes but rather on maintaining them.
3. How should signs of infection in a post-surgical patient be assessed?
- A. Check the surgical site
- B. Check the patient's vital signs
- C. Monitor for fever
- D. Check for abnormal breath sounds
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Assessing the surgical site is crucial in identifying early signs of infection post-surgery. Changes such as redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage may indicate an infection developing. While monitoring vital signs and fever are important in infection assessment, they are general indicators and may not show localized signs at the surgical site. Checking for abnormal breath sounds is more relevant when assessing respiratory issues rather than infection at the surgical site.
4. The surgical mask the perioperative nurse is wearing becomes moist. Which action will the perioperative nurse take next?
- A. Do not change the mask if the nurse is comfortable.
- B. Change the mask when relieved by the next shift.
- C. Apply a new mask.
- D. Reapply the mask after it air-dries.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a surgical mask becomes moist, it loses its effectiveness as a barrier against microorganisms. Therefore, the perioperative nurse should apply a new mask. Choice A is incorrect because a moist mask should not be continued to be worn even if the nurse is comfortable. Choice B is not the best course of action as the mask should be changed immediately when it becomes moist. Choice D is also incorrect as waiting for the mask to air-dry is not recommended due to the loss of barrier effectiveness.
5. A nurse is caring for an immobile client. What is the priority assessment of this client?
- A. Palpate for edema
- B. Auscultate for bowel sounds
- C. Inspect the skin for injury
- D. Auscultation of lung sounds
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Inspecting the skin for injury is crucial to prevent pressure ulcers and other complications in immobile clients.
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