ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology Test
1. A client asks the nurse how Rituximab works, which the client is receiving to treat Non-Hodgkin's Leukemia. Which of the following should the nurse include?
- A. Blocks hormone receptors
- B. Increases immune response
- C. Binds with specific antigens on tumor cells
- D. Stops DNA replication during cell division
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds with specific antigens on B-lymphocytes, leading to the destruction of cancer cells. In the context of Non-Hodgkin's Leukemia, Rituximab targets and destroys cancerous B-lymphocytes, which helps in treating the disease. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Rituximab does not block hormone receptors, increase immune response, or stop DNA replication during cell division. The primary mode of action of Rituximab is its binding with specific antigens on tumor cells, specifically B-lymphocytes, to elicit an immune response against cancerous cells.
2. A client has a new prescription for methotrexate to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. The nurse should expect to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Insomnia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Bone marrow suppression
- D. Constipation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is bone marrow suppression. Methotrexate can lead to bone marrow suppression, resulting in anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Monitoring for signs of decreased blood cell counts is crucial to prevent complications. Insomnia (choice A), hypertension (choice B), and constipation (choice D) are not typically associated with methotrexate use for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
3. A patient is prescribed fluconazole (Diflucan) for a vaginal yeast infection. The nurse should be concerned if the patient is also taking which medication?
- A. Losartan (Cozaar)
- B. Simvastatin (Zocor)
- C. Lisinopril (Zestril)
- D. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When fluconazole is taken with statins like simvastatin, it can increase the levels of the statin in the blood, potentially leading to adverse effects such as muscle pain and weakness. Therefore, the nurse should be concerned if the patient is taking simvastatin along with fluconazole.
4. A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will notify my child's school about his condition.
- B. I will encourage my child to eat a carbohydrate snack if his blood glucose is low.
- C. I will rotate injection sites each time I give my child insulin.
- D. I will ensure my child receives the flu vaccine every year.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the parent to rotate injection sites to prevent tissue damage and improve insulin absorption.
5. A client expresses fear of surgery. Which response should the nurse make?
- A. Explain the risks of the surgery in detail.
- B. Tell the client that many clients feel anxious before surgery.
- C. Reassure the client that the surgical team is highly experienced.
- D. Acknowledge the client's feelings and ask open-ended questions.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When a client expresses fear of surgery, it is essential for the nurse to acknowledge their feelings and ask open-ended questions. This response shows empathy, validates the client's emotions, and encourages them to express their concerns further. Explaining the risks of the surgery in detail (Choice A) may increase the client's anxiety. Simply stating that many clients feel anxious before surgery (Choice B) does not address the client's specific fears. While reassuring the client about the surgical team's experience (Choice C) is important, it may not directly alleviate the client's fear.
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