Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is caring for a client who is well-hydrated and who demonstrates no evidence of anemia. Which of the following laboratory values gives the nurse an assessment of the adequacy of the client's protein uptake and synthesis?

• A. Albumin
• B. Calcium
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Albumin. Albumin is a protein made by the liver and is a key indicator of the body's protein status. Low levels of albumin can indicate inadequate protein intake or synthesis. Choices B, C, and D (Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium) are not direct indicators of protein uptake and synthesis. Calcium is related to bone health, Sodium to fluid balance, and Potassium to nerve and muscle function.

2. In a patient with chronic kidney disease, which dietary modification is recommended?

• A. Increase protein intake
• B. Reduce potassium intake
• C. Increase sodium intake
• D. Reduce fiber intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reducing potassium intake is important for patients with chronic kidney disease to prevent hyperkalemia.

3. What laboratory value would be considered a high-risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment?

• A. triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
• B. BMI > 31
• C. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL
• D. blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BMI > 31. A BMI over 31 is considered a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease as it indicates obesity, which is strongly linked to cardiovascular issues. Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (choice A) can contribute to heart disease risk but are not as specific as BMI in assessing overall risk. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL (choice C) is actually a desirable level, indicating lower risk. A blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg (choice D) is within normal range and not a high-risk measure specifically for coronary heart disease.

4. After cleaning the abrasions and applying antiseptic, the nurse applies a cold compress to the swollen ankle as ordered by the physician. This statement shows that the nurse has a correct understanding of the use of a cold compress:

• A. Cold compress reduces blood viscosity in the affected area
• B. It is safer to apply than a hot compress
• C. Cold compress prevents edema and reduces pain
• D. It eliminates toxic waste products due to vasodilation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct understanding of using a cold compress includes knowing that it helps prevent edema and reduces pain. Cold application constricts blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the area, which helps decrease swelling and pain. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because cold compresses do not directly affect blood viscosity, safety compared to hot compresses, or eliminate toxic waste products due to vasodilation. It is essential for nurses to have a clear understanding of the rationale behind interventions to provide effective patient care.

5. A caregiver is teaching a parent about recommended protein intake for a toddler. Which of the following food selections is equivalent to 1 oz of protein?

• A. 2 tbsp peanut butter
• B. ½ cup peas
• C. 1 slice of bread
• D. 1 scrambled egg

Correct answer: D

Rationale: One scrambled egg is equivalent to 1 oz of protein, making it a suitable choice for a toddler's diet. A ½ cup of peas (choice B) does not provide 1 oz of protein but is still a good source of protein. 2 tbsp of peanut butter (choice A) contains more than 1 oz of protein. 1 slice of bread (choice C) typically provides less protein than 1 oz.

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