Nursing Elites

1. While caring for a client receiving a blood transfusion who reports chills, which action should the nurse take first?

• A. Stop the transfusion.
• B. Administer acetaminophen as prescribed.
• C. Notify the provider.
• D. Check the client's blood pressure.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first when a client reports chills during a blood transfusion is to stop the transfusion. Chills can indicate a transfusion reaction, which is a potentially serious situation. Stopping the transfusion immediately is crucial to prevent further complications. Administering acetaminophen or checking the client's blood pressure can come after ensuring the safety of the client by stopping the transfusion. Notifying the provider is important, but the immediate priority is to stop the transfusion.

2. A client is postoperative following cataract surgery. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Avoid lying flat for 24 hours after surgery.
• B. Avoid bending at the waist.
• C. Wear an eye patch at night for 1 week.
• D. Sleep on your affected side to reduce discomfort.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction that the nurse should include for a client postoperative following cataract surgery is to avoid bending at the waist. Bending at the waist can increase intraocular pressure, which is not recommended after cataract surgery. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lying flat for 24 hours after surgery may not be necessary, wearing an eye patch at night for a week is not a standard postoperative instruction for cataract surgery, and sleeping on the affected side may not necessarily reduce discomfort and can increase pressure on the eye.

3. Which electrolyte imbalance is a common concern for patients on loop diuretics?

• A. Hypokalemia
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. Hyponatremia
• D. Hypercalcemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hypokalemia. Loop diuretics can lead to potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia. This imbalance is a common concern because potassium plays a vital role in various physiological functions, including maintaining proper heart function. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because loop diuretics typically do not cause hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, or hypercalcemia.

4. A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension about managing blood pressure. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

• A. Increase your intake of red meat to manage your blood pressure.
• B. You should avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
• C. Exercise for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
• D. Limit your fluid intake to 3 liters per day.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement is C: 'Exercise for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.' Regular exercise is essential in managing blood pressure as it helps improve cardiovascular health. Choice A is incorrect as increasing red meat intake can be detrimental due to its high saturated fat content, which can negatively impact blood pressure. Choice B is not directly related to managing blood pressure unless the medication interacts negatively with alcohol. Choice D, limiting fluid intake to 3 liters per day, is not a general recommendation for managing blood pressure unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider.

5. When should healthcare professionals perform hand hygiene?

• A. Before and after patient contact
• B. Before and after performing procedures
• C. After using the restroom
• D. After touching contaminated surfaces

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Healthcare professionals should perform hand hygiene before and after patient contact to prevent the spread of infections. While choices B, C, and D are also important times to practice hand hygiene, they are not as crucial as before and after patient contact because patient contact poses a higher risk of transmitting infections.

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