ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Test Bank
1. A client has difficulty swallowing medications and is prescribed enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medication can be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide?
- A. Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomachache or indigestion.
- B. Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some ice cream for you.
- C. Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather than over time.
- D. Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Crushing an enteric-coated medication can cause it to break down in the stomach instead of the intestines, potentially leading to gastrointestinal distress like stomachache or indigestion. It is important to take enteric-coated medications whole to ensure they are properly absorbed in the intestines and to prevent irritation to the stomach.
2. What is an important intervention in providing a neutral thermal environment for an LBW infant in an incubator?
- A. Use wool blankets.
- B. Avoid using disposable diapers.
- C. Prevent heat loss.
- D. Closely monitor both incubator and rectal temperatures.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Preventing heat loss in a low birth weight (LBW) infant is crucial in maintaining a neutral thermal environment. The use of cotton blankets is recommended over wool blankets. Avoiding disposable diapers is not directly related to maintaining a neutral thermal environment. While monitoring temperatures is important, the key intervention is preventing heat loss to ensure the infant's survival.
3. During a physical assessment of a hospitalized 5-year-old child, the healthcare provider notes that the foreskin has been retracted and is very tight on the shaft of the penis; they are unable to return it over the head of the penis. What action should the healthcare provider implement?
- A. Forcibly push the foreskin down over the head of the penis.
- B. Place a warm compress on the penis.
- C. Notify the healthcare provider in charge.
- D. Wait a few hours and try again.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action is to notify the healthcare provider in charge of this occurrence of paraphimosis. Paraphimosis is a urologic emergency where the foreskin is retracted and becomes tight, potentially impeding blood flow to the penis. It is crucial to seek medical intervention promptly to prevent complications.
4. What potential risk should the nurse identify as being associated with infliximab (Remicade) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
- A. Risk for infection
- B. Risk for decreased level of consciousness
- C. Risk for nephrotoxicity
- D. Risk for hepatotoxicity
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Risk for infection. Infliximab (Remicade) is a medication used to treat autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. One of the main risks associated with infliximab is an increased susceptibility to infections due to its immunosuppressive effects. This drug works by targeting specific proteins in the body's immune system, which can weaken the body's ability to fight off infections. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because infliximab is not typically associated with decreased level of consciousness, nephrotoxicity, or hepatotoxicity. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients on infliximab for signs of infection and educate them on the importance of infection prevention strategies.
5. A nurse in an emergency room is caring for a client who sustained partial-thickness burns to both lower legs, chest, face, and both forearms. Which of the following is the priority action the nurse should take?
- A. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.
- B. Inspect the mouth for signs of inhalation injuries.
- C. Administer intravenous pain medication.
- D. Draw blood for a complete blood cell (CBC) count.
Correct answer: Inspect the mouth for signs of inhalation injuries.
Rationale: When caring for a client with burns, especially burns to the face and chest, the priority action for the nurse is to inspect the mouth for signs of inhalation injuries. Inhalation injuries can be life-threatening and may not be immediately apparent. Identifying these injuries early allows for prompt intervention and can significantly impact the client's outcomes. While other actions such as pain management and blood tests are important, assessing for inhalation injuries takes precedence due to its critical nature.
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