ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam
1. A client has a new prescription for Hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
- A. Hyponatremia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hypercalcemia
- D. Hypoglycemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic known to cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia (low sodium levels). The nurse should closely monitor the client for signs of hyponatremia by assessing their electrolyte levels. Choice B, Hyperkalemia, is incorrect as hydrochlorothiazide is more likely to cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels) rather than hyperkalemia. Choice C, Hypercalcemia, is incorrect because hydrochlorothiazide is not known to cause increased calcium levels. Choice D, Hypoglycemia, is also incorrect as it is not a common adverse effect of hydrochlorothiazide.
2. A nurse is performing a dressing change for a client who has a sacral wound using negative pressure wound therapy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Apply skin preparation to wound edges.
- B. Don sterile gloves.
- C. Normal saline
- D. Determine pain level.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to determine the pain level first. Assessing the client's pain is crucial before any procedure to ensure their comfort and safety. Applying skin preparation to wound edges (Choice A) may come later in the process after ensuring the client's comfort. Donning sterile gloves (Choice B) is important before directly handling the wound but can follow pain assessment. Normal saline (Choice C) might be used during wound cleansing but is not the initial step in this situation.
3. A nurse is developing a care plan for a client with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?
- A. Provide reality orientation throughout the day.
- B. Limit the client's choices to prevent decision fatigue.
- C. Encourage the client to participate in group therapy.
- D. Engage the client in sensory stimulation activities.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct intervention the nurse should include in the care plan for a client with Alzheimer's disease is to provide reality orientation throughout the day. Reality orientation involves helping clients with Alzheimer's disease stay connected to the present, reducing confusion and disorientation. This intervention can help the client maintain a sense of time, place, and person. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because limiting choices may lead to frustration, group therapy may not always be suitable for clients with Alzheimer's disease, and sensory stimulation activities may not address the core issue of disorientation in Alzheimer's disease.
4. A nurse is providing teaching about food allergies to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as highest risk for allergies in toddlers?
- A. Eggs
- B. Milk
- C. Bananas
- D. Citrus fruits
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Eggs are one of the most common food allergens in toddlers and should be introduced carefully.
5. A client in the late stage of inhalation anthrax requires a plan of care. What is appropriate to include in the plan of care?
- A. Provide respiratory support.
- B. Place the client in droplet isolation.
- C. Administer antihypertensive medications.
- D. Monitor ascites.
Correct answer: Provide respiratory support.
Rationale: In the late stage of inhalation anthrax, respiratory support is crucial due to the potential for respiratory failure. Providing oxygen therapy and maintaining airway patency are essential components of care to improve oxygenation and support respiratory function. Placing the client in droplet isolation is not necessary as inhalation anthrax is not transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets. Administering antihypertensive medications is not indicated in the treatment of inhalation anthrax. Monitoring for ascites is not a priority in the late stage of inhalation anthrax.
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