ATI RN
ATI Comprehensive Exit Exam
1. A healthcare provider is assessing a newborn who has a patent ductus arteriosus. Which of the following findings should the provider expect?
- A. Continuous murmur.
- B. Absent peripheral pulses.
- C. Increased blood pressure.
- D. Bounding pulses.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A continuous murmur is a classic finding in a newborn with patent ductus arteriosus. This murmur is typically heard between the first and second heart sounds and throughout systole. Absent peripheral pulses (choice B) are not typically associated with patent ductus arteriosus. Increased blood pressure (choice C) and bounding pulses (choice D) are not commonly seen with this condition. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
2. When reviewing the prescriptions for a client with a pneumothorax, which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?
- A. Assess the client's pain.
- B. Obtain a large-bore IV needle for decompression.
- C. Administer lorazepam.
- D. Prepare for chest tube insertion.
Correct answer: Obtain a large-bore IV needle for decompression.
Rationale: In a client with a pneumothorax, the priority action for the nurse is to obtain a large-bore IV needle for decompression. This intervention helps to relieve the pressure in the pleural space, allowing the lung to re-expand. Prompt decompression is crucial in managing a tension pneumothorax, which can be life-threatening. Assessing pain, administering medication, and preparing for chest tube insertion are important, but they should follow the immediate intervention of decompression in a critical situation like a tension pneumothorax.
3. Aling Maria is nearing menopause. She is habitually taking cola and coffee for the past 20 years. You should tell Aling Maria to avoid taking caffeinated beverages because:
- A. It is stimulating
- B. It will cause nervousness and insomnia
- C. It will contribute to additional bone demineralization
- D. It will cause tachycardia and arrhythmias
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.
4. A client has been prescribed fluoxetine (Prozac). What information should the nurse include in discharge teaching?
- A. Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.
- B. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
- C. Take the medication only when feeling depressed.
- D. Report any unusual side effects to the healthcare provider.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the client to avoid drinking alcohol while taking fluoxetine (Prozac) due to potential interactions. Alcohol consumption can increase the risk of certain side effects and may reduce the effectiveness of the medication. Choice A is incorrect because fluoxetine can be taken with or without food. Choice C is incorrect as fluoxetine is usually taken daily regardless of the client's mood. Choice D is not the priority teaching point; while reporting side effects is important, avoiding alcohol is critical due to the potential interactions.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a sodium level of 125 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer 0.9% sodium chloride IV
- B. Administer a hypotonic IV solution
- C. Encourage oral fluid intake
- D. Restrict oral fluid intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a client with a sodium level of 125 mEq/L (hyponatremia), the nurse should administer 0.9% sodium chloride IV to help increase sodium levels. Choice B, administering a hypotonic IV solution, would further decrease the sodium level. Choice C, encouraging oral fluid intake, is contraindicated as it can dilute the sodium concentration further. Choice D, restricting oral fluid intake, could worsen the client's condition by leading to dehydration and further electrolyte imbalances.
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