ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation
1. . One day after a patient is admitted to the medical unit, you note that the patient is oliguric. You notify the acutecare nurse practitioner who orders a fluid challenge of 200 mL of normal saline solution over 15 minutes. This intervention will achieve which of the following?
- A. Help distinguish hyponatremia from hypernatremia
- B. Help evaluate pituitary gland function
- C. Help distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function
- D. Help provide an effective treatment for hypertension-induced oliguria
Correct answer: C
Rationale:
2. A nurse preparing to start an IV on a newly admitted patient teaches the patient about the procedure and begins to prepare the site. The nurse should always start by:
- A. Leaving one hand ungloved to assess the site
- B. Preparing the skin with an iodine solution
- C. Asking the patient if they are allergic to latex or iodine
- D. Removing excessive hair at the selected site
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Before preparing the skin, the nurse should ask the patient if they are allergic to latex or iodine, which are commonly used in IV therapy setup. This is crucial to prevent potential allergic reactions at the IV site or even life-threatening anaphylaxis. Leaving one hand ungloved (choice A) is not a recommended practice as both hands should be gloved for infection control. While preparing the skin with an iodine solution (choice B) is a step in the process, ensuring the patient's safety by checking for allergies comes first. Removing excessive hair at the selected site (choice D) is not necessary and can lead to skin irritation.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with a peripheral vascular access device who is experiencing pain, redness, and swelling at the site. After removing the device, which action should the nurse take to relieve pain?
- A. Administer topical lidocaine to the site.
- B. Place warm compresses on the site.
- C. . Administer prescribed oral pain medication.
- D. Massage the site with scented oils.
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
4. You are the nurse evaluating a newly admitted patients laboratory results, which include several values that are outside of reference ranges. Which of the following would cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
- A. Increased serum sodium
- B. Decreased serum potassium
- C. Decreased hemoglobin
- D. Increased platelets
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
5. What is the most abundant positive ion in blood plasma?
- A. Potassium.
- B. Calcium.
- C. Sodium.
- D. Both potassium and sodium are in equal concentrations.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sodium. Sodium (Na+) is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid, including blood plasma. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and is essential for various physiological processes. Choice A, Potassium, is also an important ion in the body but is predominantly found intracellularly. Choice B, Calcium, is an essential mineral in the body but is not the most abundant positive ion in blood plasma. Choice D is incorrect as sodium is the primary positive ion in blood plasma, with a much higher concentration compared to potassium.
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