Nursing Elites

1. A nurse in a prenatal clinic is educating a client about expected changes during pregnancy. The nurse should instruct the client about which change during pregnancy is related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract?

• A. Diarrhea
• B. Constipation
• C. Decreased absorption of iron
• D. Decreased absorption of calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During pregnancy, the hormonal changes can lead to the slowing down of the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation. This occurs due to increased progesterone levels, which relax smooth muscles, including those in the intestines, leading to slower bowel movements. Diarrhea is not typically associated with the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. While there may be changes in the absorption of nutrients like iron and calcium, they are not directly related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract.

2. She instructed the interviewees not to tell the interviewees that the data gathered are for her own research project for publication. This teacher has violated the student’s right to:

• A. Not be harmed
• B. Disclosure
• C. Privacy
• D. Self-determination

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant about introducing solid foods. The nurse should recommend that which of the following foods be introduced first?

• A. Strained fruits
• B. Pureed meats
• C. Cooked egg whites
• D. Iron-fortified cereal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When introducing solid foods to infants, it is recommended to start with iron-fortified cereal as it is easily digestible and a good source of iron, an important nutrient for infants around 6 months of age. Strained fruits are usually introduced later due to their natural sugars. Pureed meats can be introduced after iron-fortified cereals to provide additional protein and iron. Cooked egg whites should be avoided until the infant is at least one year old to reduce the risk of allergies.

4. A client is being taught about foods to include in a low-fiber diet. Which statement indicates the client understands the teaching?

• A. "A fresh pear would be a good snack option."?
• B. "I can prepare refried beans for supper."?
• C. "Bran cereal would be a good breakfast choice."?
• D. "I should choose white rice as a side dish."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is "I should choose white rice as a side dish." In a low-fiber diet, foods that are low in fiber are recommended to reduce gastrointestinal irritation. White rice is a low-fiber option suitable for this diet. Choices A, B, and C are high-fiber options and not suitable for a low-fiber diet. A fresh pear, refried beans, and bran cereal are all high in fiber, which should be avoided in a low-fiber diet.

5. How many words does a typical 12-month-old infant use?

• A. About 12 words
• B. Twenty or more words
• C. About 50 words
• D. Two, plus 'mama' and 'papa'

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A typical 12-month-old infant typically uses very few words, with 'mama' and 'papa' being common early words. At this age, most infants are still in the early stages of language development, and their vocabulary is limited. Choices A, B, and C suggest higher word counts which are not typical for infants at this age.

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